Ever since independence in 1949, Indonsia has always coveted the territory of West Irian. Under president Sukarno, Indonesian military forces continually raided the territory, which was then was still ruled under the Dutch colonial government. This culminated in the breaking off of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
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Plan for Operation Trikora
Operation Trikora was to unfold in three phases, infiltration, exploitation and consolidation, all under cover of the Indonesian Air Force. The plan called first for the insertion of small bands Indonesian troops by sea and by air drop who would then draw Dutch forces away from areas where the exploitation phase would stage full scale amphibious landings and paratroops operations to seize key locations. The consolidation phase would then expand Indonesian control over the whole of Western New Guinea.
The Indonesian Air Force began to fly attack missions in the area from bases on surrounding islands. Meanwhile amphibious raids by the Indonesian Navy and Marines were intensified.
By the summer of 1962, the Indonesian military had begun planning a large-scale amphibious and air assault against Biak, the Netherlands' main power base in West Irian. This operation would have been known as Operation Jayawijaya ("Victory over colonialism") and would have included a substantial task force of 60 ships including several which had been supplied by Sukarno's Soviet and Eastern Bloc allies, including the heavy cruiser KRI Irian (ex-Ordzhonikidze) along with 16,000 soldiers and Marines. This force was to be commanded by General Suharto (the future president).
KRI Irian
To strengthen their hand, Indonesia purchased 26 Soviet Tupolev Tu-16 'Badger' heavy bombers along with a number of KS-1 'Kennel' Anti Ship missiles . These were ordered to sink any Dutch naval vessels trying to resist the planned invasion, especially the light carrier HMNLS Karel Doorman, with its jet-powered Sea Hawk naval fighters, which was identified as a major threat. The Karel Doorman was at that time docked in Frematle, Australia ready to be deployed.

A TNI-AU Tu-16 heavy bomber, armed with two KS-1 missiles
On 15 August 1962, the Netherlands, unwilling and unable to wage a protracted war on the other side of the world, agreed to meet Indonesian officials. They later signed the New York Agreement in which the Netherlands ceded the territory of West Irian to a UN administrative state, with a view of later integration with Indonesia. Due to this agreement, Operation Jayawijaya was called off. Indonesia occupied West Irian in 1963 and renamed in 'Irian Jaya'.
Sep 28 2016, 04:58 PM
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