Good morning.
Slept for less than 3 hours, am taking that as an excuse for the bad coffee I made this morning.
Say making a cup of Latte, strictly on just the making of the coffee: after dosing - the grinding is done by grinder, distribute ground evenly, tamping - rather important, it should be even, am using a calibrated pressure tamper, the brewing. To me, other than tamping, most of them rely on consistency of machines (grinder, espresso maker).
So a large portion of it is science.
Steaming milk is an art!
There are science too, but a large portion of it is art.
The outcome should be silky smooth milk.
Science: heat to 55 - 70°C, foam (make bubbles), texture (make bubbles small)
Still science: way to identify temperature - sight (thermometer or temp sticker), touch (hand sensory), sound (frequency)
Science again: Need to create rapid whirlpool spinning in order to break into smaller bubbles. Factors to consider here including angle, depth, and power.
When that's done and you still see bubbles, bang the pitcher against the table to break the bubble (you may want to put the other hand a few cm above the pitcher so that it will not spill elsewhere).
The last step before pouring will be spinning the finished milk. It should be shinny with no visible bubbles.
Of course, spin the espresso too before pouring milk into and onto it.
Why I said it's more to art when I stated that they are science?
Well, before steaming, you need to know the right time (indication) to adjust pitcher to the level to create bubble.
Then adjust the level to break down bubbles.
The challenge here is all these to happen and finish within a few secs. Oscar can finish in 10 +/- secs.
Bubbling too long will end up with too much bubble, breaking down bubble too long will end up heating up the milk temp too high.
Next time when you heard high pitch of sound from steaming milk for too long, you can tell that the milk temp is probably too high.
A small mistake will just spoil the soup.
All these are just the preparation of Latte art. Latte art is another episode of story but I can't tell that now since am still exploring it. You can see from the pic, quite a bit to improve and lack consistency.

This post has been edited by MyHobby: Mar 13 2020, 10:01 PM