Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean
By Pius Malekandathil
https://books.google.com.my/books?id=rN69iF...epage&q&f=false
MOE: Portuguese invading Melaka were Crusaders
MOE: Portuguese invading Melaka were Crusaders
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Jul 11 2015, 02:34 PM
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Junior Member
408 posts Joined: Nov 2006 From: LANGKASUKA مليسيا |
Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean
By Pius Malekandathil https://books.google.com.my/books?id=rN69iF...epage&q&f=false |
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Jul 11 2015, 02:36 PM
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Senior Member
1,193 posts Joined: Mar 2008 |
QUOTE(unknown warrior @ Jul 11 2015, 10:57 AM) I'm sure most of that typical disagreement lies in the OT, something I've explained quite repeated in this forum in Post #377. I guess that you probably have chosen not to realize that's the same issues happened to the muslims too. The bold part. You pretty much quick to judge what for example the ISIS is doing now to represent Islam because it suits your own prejudiced perception, while quick to judge me for having false perception (as you claimed) of your religion when all my citations given were basically as what your co-religionist had preaches, and made it as the 2000 years of Christian history simply does not exist.Here's the excerpt. » Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... « Highlighted Large in Bold. Don't you even think that's hypocritical ? TLDR, when Christians, bearing the cross on their mantle, on their sails, shouting God Wills It before they plunge their cross-like swords into the body of their enemies you just brush them aside with pick and choose text from the bible saying them unblibical. Didn't you say that Jesus and God is one ? The he/they must be a confuse god because one says another thing while the other part of the triumvirate are actually doing another thing. However, when ISIS chop off people's head why crying Allah, you in no time will proudly and boldly claim, 'This is Islam and that is what the Qur'an teaches'. As much as I am ignorant of your 'book' don't you think that you are as much ignorant of mine ? Luckily, some of your bretherens think otherwise. For example, this Jwweish Catholic schoolgirl said, and I quote : As the Qur'an promises, patience is rewarded, and there are many surprises -- a degree of environmental awareness, for instance, and of humans as mere stewards of God's creation, unmatched in the Bible. And where the Bible is addressed exclusively to men, using the second and third person masculine, the Qur'an includes women -- talking, for instance, of believing men and believing women, honorable men and honorable women. Or take the infamous verse about killing the unbelievers. Yes, it does say that, but in a very specific context: the anticipated conquest of the sanctuary city of Mecca where fighting was usually forbidden, and the permission comes hedged about with qualifiers. Not "You must kill unbelievers in Mecca," but you can, you are allowed to, but only after a grace period is over and only if there's no other pact in place and only if they try to stop you getting to the Kaaba, and only if they attack you first. And even then -- God is merciful; forgiveness is supreme -- and so, essentially, better if you don't. This was perhaps the biggest surprise -- how flexible the Qur'an is, at least in minds that are not fundamentally inflexible. ~ Lesley Hazleton Better watch the video here (not you, surely I don't think you'll be interested but for neutral observers). http://www.ted.com/talks/lesley_hazelton_o...ipt?language=en The full transcript : QUOTE 0:11 You may have heard about the Koran's idea of paradise being 72 virgins, and I promise I will come back to those virgins. But in fact, here in the northwest, we're living very close to the real Koranic idea of paradise, defined 36 times as "gardens watered by running streams." Since I live on a houseboat on the running stream of Lake Union, this makes perfect sense to me. But the thing is, how come it's news to most people? I know many well-intentioned non-Muslims who've begun reading the Koran, but given up, disconcerted by its "otherness." The historian Thomas Carlyle considered Muhammad one of the world's greatest heroes, yet even he called the Koran "as toilsome reading as I ever undertook, a wearisome, confused jumble." 1:04 (Laughter) 1:06 Part of the problem, I think, is that we imagine that the Koran can be read as we usually read a book -- as though we can curl up with it on a rainy afternoon with a bowl of popcorn within reach, as though God -- and the Koran is entirely in the voice of God speaking to Muhammad -- were just another author on the bestseller list. Yet the fact that so few people do actually read the Koran is precisely why it's so easy to quote -- that is, to misquote. Phrases and snippets taken out of context in what I call the "highlighter version," which is the one favored by both Muslim fundamentalists and anti-Muslim Islamophobes. 1:49 So this past spring, as I was gearing up to begin writing a biography of Muhammad, I realized I needed to read the Koran properly -- as properly as I could, that is. My Arabic's reduced by now to wielding a dictionary, so I took four well-known translations and decided to read them side-by-side, verse-by-verse along with a transliteration and the original seventh-century Arabic. Now I did have an advantage. My last book was about the story behind the Shi'a-Sunni split, and for that I'd worked closely with the earliest Islamic histories, so I knew the events to which the Koran constantly refers, its frame of reference. I knew enough, that is, to know that I'd be a tourist in the Koran -- an informed one, an experienced one even, but still an outsider, an agnostic Jew reading some else's holy book. (Laughter) So I read slowly. (Laughter) I'd set aside three weeks for this project, and that, I think, is what is meant by "hubris" -- (Laughter) -- because it turned out to be three months. I did resist the temptation to skip to the back where the shorter and more clearly mystical chapters are. 3:19 But every time I thought I was beginning to get a handle on the Koran -- that feeling of "I get it now" -- it would slip away overnight, and I'd come back in the morning wondering if I wasn't lost in a strange land, and yet the terrain was very familiar. The Koran declares that it comes to renew the message of the Torah and the Gospels. So one-third of it reprises the stories of Biblical figures like Abraham, Moses, Joseph, Mary, Jesus. God himself was utterly familiar from his earlier manifestation as Yahweh -- jealously insisting on no other gods. The presence of camels, mountains, desert wells and springs took me back to the year I spent wandering the Sinai Desert. And then there was the language, the rhythmic cadence of it, reminding me of evenings spent listening to Bedouin elders recite hours-long narrative poems entirely from memory. And I began to grasp why it's said that the Koran is really the Koran only in Arabic. 4:31 Take the Fatihah, the seven-verse opening chapter that is the Lord's Prayer and the Shema Yisrael of Islam combined. It's just 29 words in Arabic, but anywhere from 65 to 72 in translation. And yet the more you add, the more seems to go missing. The Arabic has an incantatory, almost hypnotic, quality that begs to be heard rather than read, felt more than analyzed. It wants to be chanted out loud, to sound its music in the ear and on the tongue. So the Koran in English is a kind of shadow of itself, or as Arthur Arberry called his version, "an interpretation." But all is not lost in translation. 5:21 As the Koran promises, patience is rewarded, and there are many surprises -- a degree of environmental awareness, for instance, and of humans as mere stewards of God's creation, unmatched in the Bible. And where the Bible is addressed exclusively to men, using the second and third person masculine, the Koran includes women -- talking, for instance, of believing men and believing women, honorable men and honorable women. Or take the infamous verse about killing the unbelievers. Yes, it does say that, but in a very specific context: the anticipated conquest of the sanctuary city of Mecca where fighting was usually forbidden, and the permission comes hedged about with qualifiers. Not "You must kill unbelievers in Mecca," but you can, you are allowed to, but only after a grace period is over and only if there's no other pact in place and only if they try to stop you getting to the Kaaba, and only if they attack you first. And even then -- God is merciful; forgiveness is supreme -- and so, essentially, better if you don't. (Laughter) This was perhaps the biggest surprise -- how flexible the Koran is, at least in minds that are not fundamentally inflexible. 6:53 "Some of these verses are definite in meaning," it says, "and others are ambiguous." The perverse at heart will seek out the ambiguities, trying to create discord by pinning down meanings of their own. Only God knows the true meaning. The phrase "God is subtle" appears again and again, and indeed, the whole of the Koran is far more subtle than most of us have been led to believe. As in, for instance, that little matter of virgins and paradise. Old-fashioned Orientalism comes into play here. The word used four times is Houris, rendered as dark-eyed maidens with swelling breasts, or as fair, high-bosomed virgins. Yet all there is in the original Arabic is that one word: Houris. Not a swelling breast nor a high bosom in sight. (Laughter) Now this may be a way of saying "pure beings" -- like in angels -- or it may be like the Greek Kouros or Kórē, an eternal youth. 8:04 But the truth is nobody really knows, and that's the point. Because the Koran is quite clear when it says that you'll be "a new creation in paradise" and that you will be "recreated in a form unknown to you," which seems to me a far more appealing prospect than a virgin. (Laughter) And that number 72 never appears. There are no 72 virgins in the Koran. That idea only came into being 300 years later, and most Islamic scholars see it as the equivalent of people with wings sitting on clouds and strumming harps. Paradise is quite the opposite. It's not virginity; it's fecundity. It's plenty. It's gardens watered by running streams. 9:06 Thank you. 9:08 (Applause) I will end this Jihad/Crusade with the obligatory recitation of the Qur'an (again, to those neutrals, not to you). "So her Lord accepted her with gracious acceptance and caused her to grow an excellent growth and made Zachariah her guardian. Whenever Zachariah visited her in the chamber, he found with her provisions. He said, 'O Mary whence hast thou this ?' She replied, ‘It is from God.’ Surely God gives to whomsoever HE pleases without measure. Then and there did Zachariah pray to his Lord, saying, 'My Lord grant me from Thyself pure offspring; surely thou art the Hearer of Prayer.' And the angels called to him as he stood praying in the chamber, 'God gives thee glad tidings of John (the Baptist), who shall testify to the truth of a word from God - noble and chaste and a Prophet, from among the righteous. He said 'My Lord, how shall I have a son, when old age has overtaken me already, and my wife is barren?' He answered, 'Such is the way of God; HE does what HE pleases,' He said 'My Lord, give me a commandment.' He replied, 'The commandment for thee is that thou shalt not speak to men for three days except by signs. And remember thy Lord much and glorify HIM in the evening and in the early morning.' And remember when the angels said, 'God has chosen thee and purified thee and chosen thee above all women of the time. 'O Mary, be obedient to thy Lord and prostrate thyself and worship the one God with those who worship HIM.' This is of the tidings of things unseen which WE reveal to thee. And thou was not with them when they cast their arrows, as to which of them should be the guardian of Mary, nor was thou with them when they disputed with one another. When the angels said, 'O Mary, God gives thee glad tidings of a son through a word from HIM; his name shall be the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, honoured in this world and in the next, and of those who are granted nearness to God; 'And he shall speak to the people in the cradle, and when of middle age, and he shall be of the righteous. She said, 'My Lord, how shall I have a son, when no man has touched me? He said, 'Such is the way of God. HE creates what HE pleases. When HE decrees a thing HE says to it ‘Be,’ and it is;"—Qur'an, Surah 3:38-48 "Thereupon she pointed to him. They said, 'How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle?' Jesus said, 'I am a servant of God. HE has given me the Book, and has made me a Prophet; 'And HE has made me blessed wheresoever I may be, and has enjoined upon me Prayer and almsgiving so long as I live; 'And HE has made me dutiful towards my mother, and has not made me arrogant and graceless; 'And peace was on me the day I was born, and peace will be on me the day I shall die, and the day I shall be raised up to life again.' That was Jesus, son of Mary. This is a statement of the truth concerning which they entertain doubt."—Qur'an, Surah 19:30-35 "O People of the Book! Commit no excesses in your religion: Nor say of God aught but the truth. Christ Jesus the son of Mary was (no more than) a messenger of God, and His Word, which He bestowed on Mary, and a spirit proceeding from Him: so believe in God and His messengers. Say not "Trinity" : desist: it will be better for you: for God is one God: Glory be to Him: (far exalted is He) above having a son. To Him belong all things in the heavens and on earth. And enough is God as a Disposer of affairs."—Qur'an, Surah 4:171 "Christ the son of Mary was no more than a messenger; many were the messengers that passed away before him. His mother was a woman of truth. They had both to eat their (daily) food. See how God doth make His signs clear to them; yet see in what ways they are deluded away from the truth!"—Qur'an, Surah5:575 "We have made some of these messengers to excel the others among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many degrees of) rank; and We gave clear miracles to Jeusu son of Mary, and strengthened him with the holy spirit. And if God had pleased, those after them would not have fought one with another after clear arguments had come to them, but they disagreed; so there were some of them who believed and others who denied; and if God had pleased they would not have fought one with another, but God brings about what He intends."—Qur'an, Surah 2:253 "And behold! God will say: "O Jesus the son of Mary! Didst thou say unto men, worship me and my mother as gods in derogation of God'?" He will say: "Glory to Thee! never could I say what I had no right (to say). Had I said such a thing, thou wouldst indeed have known it. Thou knowest what is in my heart, Thou I know not what is in Thine. For Thou knowest in full all that is hidden."—Qur'an, Surah 5:116 "The Jews call 'Uzair a son of God, and the Christians call Christ the son of God. That is a saying from their mouth; (in this) they but imitate what the unbelievers of old used to say. God's curse be on them: how they are deluded away from the Truth!"—Qur'an, Surah 9:30 "When (Jesus) the son of Mary is held up as an example, behold, thy people raise a clamour thereat (in ridicule)! And they say, "Are our gods best, or he?" This they set forth to thee, only by way of disputation: yea, they are a contentious people. He was no more than a servant: We granted Our favour to him, and We made him an example to the Children of Israel."—Qur'an, Surah 43:57-59 "When Jesus came with Clear Signs, he said: "Now have I come to you with Wisdom, and in order to make clear to you some of the (points) on which ye dispute: therefore fear Allah and obey me."—Qur'an, Surah 43:63 This post has been edited by aliesterfiend: Jul 11 2015, 02:38 PM |
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Jul 11 2015, 03:10 PM
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Junior Member
408 posts Joined: Nov 2006 From: LANGKASUKA مليسيا |
THE DRAWING By GASPAR CORREIA, C .1530
In 1506 the Portuguese Crown was already planning the occupation of Malacca, because a letter from King Manuel I in that year mentions that he was sending from Lisbon to India “half of a wooden fort”, to be mounted in Malacca, along with sundry pieces of artillery; this incomplete fortification to be closed “with a good ditch and some strong ramparts”. As to the location of the stronghold, the Portuguese monarch mentioned that the captains in charge should choose a proper spot, “strong and healthy, with a good harbour”, and “with water within or close by”. The emplacement of the fort, furthermore, “should allow the commerce of merchandise”. The Portuguese ships would reach Malacca for the first time only three years later. But King Manuel I was certainly planning ahead, trying to accomplish his Oriental project of establishing a Portuguese network of factories and fortresses throughout maritime Asia, in order to interfere with the main routes trading in luxurious commodities. The first concrete news about Malacca was collected by the expedition of Diogo Lopes de Sequeira, which visited the Malay sultanate in 1509. After initial peaceful contacts, however, there were confrontations, and the Portuguese ships withdrew, leaving some prisoners behind. Rui de Araújo was one of these men, and he was soon sending information about Malacca to the Portuguese in India, specifically about the size of the city, its trading communities and the activities of the population. “There are more or less 10000 houses in Malacca”, he wrote, stating that about 500 were made of stone and clay, while all the others were made of vegetable materials. There were about 4000 fighting men in Malacca, but their weapons were not very impressive, consisting mainly of swords, bows, and zarbatanes, while the existing cannons were very primitive. Rui de Araújo also stressed the extraordinary commercial importance of Malacca, calling attention to the most valuable commodities that were transacted there, originating from such different places as China, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Siam, Cambodia, Pegu and Bengal. The representatives of the Portuguese Crown in India soon decided to make a second run for Malacca, and a powerful expedition of 16 ships and 1600 men arrived there in July 1511 under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque. After a violent and swift military campaign, the Malacca Sultan, with his entourage, fled to the southern parts of the Malay Peninsula, and the Portuguese were left in control of the famous port-city. Albuquerque immediately decided to occupy Malacca, and have a fortress built on the most appropriate spot, since his plans included the establishment of Portuguese strongholds in the most strategic locations within maritime Asia, such as Hormuz, Goa, and Malacca proper. The construction of a fortress was dependent on a series of factors. First of all, there was the local topography. Then, there was the question of available materials and available manpower. The kind of relations that had been established with local policies was also important. Lastly, the military Capabilities of potential enemies had to be taken into consideration. The Portuguese, in most instances, were building their overseas fortresses by the sea, in order to be able to receive support and supplies from their powerful ships. Also, if the ships were protected by the fortresses’ guns, they could be safely loaded and unloaded. Furthermore, since the takeover of Malacca had been a violent one, some sort of fortification had to be built to guarantee the safe-guard of the Portuguese garrison that was going to be left behind. http://www.ismat.pt/images/PDF/file_000478.pdf This post has been edited by HangPC2: Jul 11 2015, 03:11 PM |
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Jul 11 2015, 03:16 PM
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Junior Member
219 posts Joined: Jul 2011 |
why let sohai that fail is history go make book ......
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Jul 11 2015, 03:19 PM
Show posts by this member only | IPv6 | Post
#425
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24 posts Joined: Dec 2014 |
Yeah people used to kill and conquer each other in the past about religion. So u not happy? Want to continue to open old wounds?
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Jul 11 2015, 03:41 PM
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Senior Member
607 posts Joined: Jan 2005 |
Syukur ada portugis.
Or else Malacca will have 0 tourist today. |
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Jul 11 2015, 03:44 PM
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Senior Member
816 posts Joined: May 2013 |
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Jul 11 2015, 06:39 PM
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Junior Member
56 posts Joined: Sep 2014 |
QUOTE(allanlee89 @ Jul 11 2015, 10:15 AM) nope, when ang moh come, was to plunge wealth, tats what dey care, itu priest cuma ikut belakang je. But isis, tengok permainan their, everydy war in the name of god The portugese are religious fanatics.In Southeast Asia in World History (New Oxford World History), historian Craig Lockard wrote "Charged by the pope to spread the Catholic faith throughout the world, the Portugese carried out a crusade against Muslims designed to break the Islamic control over the East-West maritime trade" and conquering Malacca, "the source of all spices and drugs which the Moors (Muslims) carry every year (to the Middle East), Cairo and Mecca will be entirely ruined". The book also said upon conquering Malacca, the Portugese issued orders to "drive out the Moors (Muslims) out of the country", slaughtered the population and forced religious conversion. published by Oxford University Press (OUP). You should read it. not really a controversial viewpoint https://books.google.com.my/books?id=5IVMCA...0melaka&f=false http://www.amazon.com/Southeast-Asia-World...d/dp/0195338111 https://global.oup.com/academic/product/sou...9?lang=en&cc=my |
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Jul 11 2015, 06:50 PM
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Junior Member
56 posts Joined: Sep 2014 |
QUOTE(Richard Parker @ Jul 11 2015, 03:19 PM) Yeah people used to kill and conquer each other in the past about religion. So u not happy? Want to continue to open old wounds? Used to would be inaccurate... it goes on todayISIS kills in the name of Islam.. Bush, a Christian, said he invaded Iraq and destroyed millions of life because God told him to. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/am...aq-6262644.html Israel bulldoze Palestinians houses, terrorize and murder people and kick them out of their lands partly because God tell them that is their land. |
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Jul 11 2015, 09:53 PM
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Senior Member
6,240 posts Joined: Jul 2005 |
QUOTE(AthrunIJ @ Jul 11 2015, 02:02 PM) Did i said sin should not be punish? I only state that death as a punishment is wrong. I'm in no way contradicting myself. Well IMO, God has that right to give and take away Life since after all He is the Owner of it all.That is why i ask you to define innocent in the eye of the GOD or Human. Go read the bible. GOD kill the first born because of pharaoh which HE hardens his(pharaoh) heart? Stupid reason to be honest. He can just soften pharaoh hearts and let the people go but no one lead to the other then death. And HE needs how many? 1000 of years to think of how to sacrifice HIS son? Sacrifice? I'm done by the way deviated from the topic. Bible as a literature is good but to follow it a resounding NO. Some are not right in the Bible. Best of all is to follow GOD rather than the Bible which is written by many authors. I'm of the opinion, God knows better than most of us in every situation and thus when He metes out Judgement it is by his Omniscience knowledge. We Human are limited in many ways and do not know the real situation. We may assume but may not be right. God gave the pharaoh more than enough, warnings/signs to let his people go. The Pharaoh should have let go by the first few warnings but relented. I mean anyone could see the first few plagues already indicate, this is not a small matter. And it's not just ordinary plague. The Killing of the first born is the final judgement, the only way Pharaoh would relent. I'm sure you won't think it's stupid if God is the one protecting you against enemies more powerful than you. No, He already thought of Sacrificing Jesus in the very first chapter of Genesis itself. God provided the Salvation Plan immediately the moment after Adam sinned. As to why it took so long for Jesus to arrive? God gave the Law in the OT to cause Man to come to the end of himself. God already knew Man can be terribly stubborn to admit it. It's just that Man has to realize it himself before admitting. And the pride of Man sometime don't want to admit defeat. God gave Man more than 1000 years and say enough is enough and sent Jesus at the right time. QUOTE(aliesterfiend @ Jul 11 2015, 02:36 PM) I guess that you probably have chosen not to realize that's the same issues happened to the muslims too. The bold part. You pretty much quick to judge what for example the ISIS is doing now to represent Islam because it suits your own prejudiced perception, while quick to judge me for having false perception (as you claimed) of your religion when all my citations given were basically as what your co-religionist had preaches, and made it as the 2000 years of Christian history simply does not exist. Hypocritical?Don't you even think that's hypocritical ? TLDR, when Christians, bearing the cross on their mantle, on their sails, shouting God Wills It before they plunge their cross-like swords into the body of their enemies you just brush them aside with pick and choose text from the bible saying them unblibical. Didn't you say that Jesus and God is one ? The he/they must be a confuse god because one says another thing while the other part of the triumvirate are actually doing another thing. However, when ISIS chop off people's head why crying Allah, you in no time will proudly and boldly claim, 'This is Islam and that is what the Qur'an teaches'. As much as I am ignorant of your 'book' don't you think that you are as much ignorant of mine ? Luckily, some of your bretherens think otherwise. For example, this Jwweish Catholic schoolgirl said, and I quote : As the Qur'an promises, patience is rewarded, and there are many surprises -- a degree of environmental awareness, for instance, and of humans as mere stewards of God's creation, unmatched in the Bible. And where the Bible is addressed exclusively to men, using the second and third person masculine, the Qur'an includes women -- talking, for instance, of believing men and believing women, honorable men and honorable women. Or take the infamous verse about killing the unbelievers. Yes, it does say that, but in a very specific context: the anticipated conquest of the sanctuary city of Mecca where fighting was usually forbidden, and the permission comes hedged about with qualifiers. Not "You must kill unbelievers in Mecca," but you can, you are allowed to, but only after a grace period is over and only if there's no other pact in place and only if they try to stop you getting to the Kaaba, and only if they attack you first. And even then -- God is merciful; forgiveness is supreme -- and so, essentially, better if you don't. This was perhaps the biggest surprise -- how flexible the Qur'an is, at least in minds that are not fundamentally inflexible. ~ Lesley Hazleton Better watch the video here (not you, surely I don't think you'll be interested but for neutral observers). http://www.ted.com/talks/lesley_hazelton_o...ipt?language=en The full transcript : I will end this Jihad/Crusade with the obligatory recitation of the Qur'an (again, to those neutrals, not to you). "So her Lord accepted her with gracious acceptance and caused her to grow an excellent growth and made Zachariah her guardian. Whenever Zachariah visited her in the chamber, he found with her provisions. He said, 'O Mary whence hast thou this ?' She replied, ‘It is from God.’ Surely God gives to whomsoever HE pleases without measure. Then and there did Zachariah pray to his Lord, saying, 'My Lord grant me from Thyself pure offspring; surely thou art the Hearer of Prayer.' And the angels called to him as he stood praying in the chamber, 'God gives thee glad tidings of John (the Baptist), who shall testify to the truth of a word from God - noble and chaste and a Prophet, from among the righteous. He said 'My Lord, how shall I have a son, when old age has overtaken me already, and my wife is barren?' He answered, 'Such is the way of God; HE does what HE pleases,' He said 'My Lord, give me a commandment.' He replied, 'The commandment for thee is that thou shalt not speak to men for three days except by signs. And remember thy Lord much and glorify HIM in the evening and in the early morning.' And remember when the angels said, 'God has chosen thee and purified thee and chosen thee above all women of the time. 'O Mary, be obedient to thy Lord and prostrate thyself and worship the one God with those who worship HIM.' This is of the tidings of things unseen which WE reveal to thee. And thou was not with them when they cast their arrows, as to which of them should be the guardian of Mary, nor was thou with them when they disputed with one another. When the angels said, 'O Mary, God gives thee glad tidings of a son through a word from HIM; his name shall be the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, honoured in this world and in the next, and of those who are granted nearness to God; 'And he shall speak to the people in the cradle, and when of middle age, and he shall be of the righteous. She said, 'My Lord, how shall I have a son, when no man has touched me? He said, 'Such is the way of God. HE creates what HE pleases. When HE decrees a thing HE says to it ‘Be,’ and it is;"—Qur'an, Surah 3:38-48 "Thereupon she pointed to him. They said, 'How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle?' Jesus said, 'I am a servant of God. HE has given me the Book, and has made me a Prophet; 'And HE has made me blessed wheresoever I may be, and has enjoined upon me Prayer and almsgiving so long as I live; 'And HE has made me dutiful towards my mother, and has not made me arrogant and graceless; 'And peace was on me the day I was born, and peace will be on me the day I shall die, and the day I shall be raised up to life again.' That was Jesus, son of Mary. This is a statement of the truth concerning which they entertain doubt."—Qur'an, Surah 19:30-35 "O People of the Book! Commit no excesses in your religion: Nor say of God aught but the truth. Christ Jesus the son of Mary was (no more than) a messenger of God, and His Word, which He bestowed on Mary, and a spirit proceeding from Him: so believe in God and His messengers. Say not "Trinity" : desist: it will be better for you: for God is one God: Glory be to Him: (far exalted is He) above having a son. To Him belong all things in the heavens and on earth. And enough is God as a Disposer of affairs."—Qur'an, Surah 4:171 "Christ the son of Mary was no more than a messenger; many were the messengers that passed away before him. His mother was a woman of truth. They had both to eat their (daily) food. See how God doth make His signs clear to them; yet see in what ways they are deluded away from the truth!"—Qur'an, Surah5:575 "We have made some of these messengers to excel the others among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many degrees of) rank; and We gave clear miracles to Jeusu son of Mary, and strengthened him with the holy spirit. And if God had pleased, those after them would not have fought one with another after clear arguments had come to them, but they disagreed; so there were some of them who believed and others who denied; and if God had pleased they would not have fought one with another, but God brings about what He intends."—Qur'an, Surah 2:253 "And behold! God will say: "O Jesus the son of Mary! Didst thou say unto men, worship me and my mother as gods in derogation of God'?" He will say: "Glory to Thee! never could I say what I had no right (to say). Had I said such a thing, thou wouldst indeed have known it. Thou knowest what is in my heart, Thou I know not what is in Thine. For Thou knowest in full all that is hidden."—Qur'an, Surah 5:116 "The Jews call 'Uzair a son of God, and the Christians call Christ the son of God. That is a saying from their mouth; (in this) they but imitate what the unbelievers of old used to say. God's curse be on them: how they are deluded away from the Truth!"—Qur'an, Surah 9:30 "When (Jesus) the son of Mary is held up as an example, behold, thy people raise a clamour thereat (in ridicule)! And they say, "Are our gods best, or he?" This they set forth to thee, only by way of disputation: yea, they are a contentious people. He was no more than a servant: We granted Our favour to him, and We made him an example to the Children of Israel."—Qur'an, Surah 43:57-59 "When Jesus came with Clear Signs, he said: "Now have I come to you with Wisdom, and in order to make clear to you some of the (points) on which ye dispute: therefore fear Allah and obey me."—Qur'an, Surah 43:63 Aren't you the one who is picking and choosing Bible verses to suit your own agenda? I did explain everything in context, didn't I? I did show you the entire passage linking to each other while you only pick certain verse and leave out the rest, did you not? And you dare to accuse intellectual dishonesty to me? Amazing. Some people don't know malu one hor? There is one problem though. I quoted that the reason why there is so much problem in the OT is due to the Vanity of Man in their own self righteousness to be justified by the law of God. Your religion still hinges on the Law of God to be justified, I don't see How you can equate that Islam is going through same thing we did ages ago because you have nothing but the Laws of God pitted against you. This post has been edited by unknown warrior: Jul 11 2015, 10:01 PM |
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Jul 11 2015, 11:03 PM
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Senior Member
2,992 posts Joined: Feb 2015 |
QUOTE(unknown warrior @ Jul 11 2015, 09:53 PM) Well IMO, God has that right to give and take away Life since after all He is the Owner of it all. Yea, plan is plan. Execution is another plus i already have my answer and GOD harden the heart of the pharoah so what if GOD give him more than enough warning? GOD is the one dilly dally.I'm of the opinion, God knows better than most of us in every situation and thus when He metes out Judgement it is by his Omniscience knowledge. We Human are limited in many ways and do not know the real situation. We may assume but may not be right. God gave the pharaoh more than enough, warnings/signs to let his people go. The Pharaoh should have let go by the first few warnings but relented. I mean anyone could see the first few plagues already indicate, this is not a small matter. And it's not just ordinary plague. The Killing of the first born is the final judgement, the only way Pharaoh would relent. I'm sure you won't think it's stupid if God is the one protecting you against enemies more powerful than you. No, He already thought of Sacrificing Jesus in the very first chapter of Genesis itself. God provided the Salvation Plan immediately the moment after Adam sinned. As to why it took so long for Jesus to arrive? God gave the Law in the OT to cause Man to come to the end of himself. God already knew Man can be terribly stubborn to admit it. It's just that Man has to realize it himself before admitting. And the pride of Man sometime don't want to admit defeat. God gave Man more than 1000 years and say enough is enough and sent Jesus at the right time. Hypocritical? Aren't you the one who is picking and choosing Bible verses to suit your own agenda? I did explain everything in context, didn't I? I did show you the entire passage linking to each other while you only pick certain verse and leave out the rest, did you not? And you dare to accuse intellectual dishonesty to me? Amazing. Some people don't know malu one hor? There is one problem though. I quoted that the reason why there is so much problem in the OT is due to the Vanity of Man in their own self righteousness to be justified by the law of God. Your religion still hinges on the Law of God to be justified, I don't see How you can equate that Islam is going through same thing we did ages ago because you have nothing but the Laws of God pitted against you. And this is my last reply. Since i got my answer already. Peace out. Also, dont get the wrong idea that i'm insulting you or anything. Just seeking answer. Peace buddy. |
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Jul 29 2015, 11:42 AM
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Junior Member
408 posts Joined: Nov 2006 From: LANGKASUKA مليسيا |
Triangular War = Johor vs Portugues vs Aceh ![]() |
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Jul 29 2015, 11:47 AM
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Senior Member
522 posts Joined: Aug 2009 |
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Jul 29 2015, 11:51 AM
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Senior Member
1,123 posts Joined: Sep 2013 |
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Jul 29 2015, 11:54 AM
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Junior Member
409 posts Joined: Jun 2009 |
So Melaka lose to Portugal because of Crusader Skill " FIST OF HEAVEN"?
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Jul 29 2015, 01:38 PM
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Senior Member
2,145 posts Joined: Mar 2009 From: 1BORNEO |
so ....... what is the truth??
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Aug 16 2015, 01:45 AM
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Junior Member
408 posts Joined: Nov 2006 From: LANGKASUKA مليسيا |
KEJATUHAN EMPAYAR MELAYU 1511: BENARKAH MELAKA KALAH KERANA TIDAK MENGGUNAKAN SENJATA API ?
15 Ogos 1511, adalah tarikh yang sangat memilukan umat Melayu. Hari ini, tewasnya sebuah empayar kebangaan umat Melayu keseluruhannya. Masih terngiang-ngiang di telinga saya, beberapa orang rakan malah guru yang mengejek dan mencemuh dengan kata-kata " Alah…apalah hebat sangat pada Melaka, Portugis serang tak sampai seminggu terus kalah teruk, lari lintang pukang " " Melaka kalah dengan mudah kerana teknologi persenjataan yang sangat lemah, bayangkanlah orang kita berperang hanya guna keris, sumpit dan tombak, padahal Portugis guna meriam dan senapang, mana tak kalahnya.." " Orang Melaka semua jakun sebab tak pernah tengok Meriam lalu lari lintang pukang ". Kalaulah mereka tahu hakikat yang sebenar, kalaulah. Sebenarnya apakah yang berlaku dalam peristiwa 1511 ini dan bagaimanakah gambaran sebenar detik-detik Melaka mempertahankan dirinya dari diperkosa Portugis ? Hakikat yang sebenarnya ramai tidak tahu adalah Melaka sudah mencapai kedudukan politik yang unggul sementara perdagangannya juga terus berkembang, dan pelabuhannya menggamit pelbagai bangsa datang singgah dari segenap pelusuk dunia. Imej bandar terapung seperti Venice dan Genoa serta pasar dan rumah yang tidak berputusan hingga Muar bukanlah satu khayalan atau cakap-cakap kosong sahaja. Walaupun memang wujud kepincangan dalam pemerintahan, pergeseran, perebutan dan pelbagai lagi konflik dalaman yang sering kita dengar namun ianya belum cukup parah untuk menjatuhkan Melaka jika dibandingkan dengan serangan Portugis. Tambahan lagi oleh sebab begitu makmurnya Melaka maka banyaklah kaum-kaum ‘asing’ yang mula dengki, hasad dan cemburu akan kekayaan Melaka. Pembelotan kaum-kaum asing ini juga ibarat gunting dalam lipatan yang memudahkan lagi kemaraan Portugis. Sesungguhnya tidak semua persoalan tentang kejatuhan Melaka dapat kita rungkaikan disini. Namun memadai rasanya untuk kita membuka perbincangan dalam hal kesungguhan dan semangat juang Melaka bagi mempertahankan maruah dan kedaulatannya daripada dinodai oleh Portugis. Sebelum itu yang paling penting ialah pandangan kita bahawa Melaka ketinggalan dari segi teknologi meriam, senapang atau istinggar dan peluru serta lain-lain senjata api perlu diubah dan dibuang sejauh mungkin. Seperti yang saya pernah sebut dahulu angkatan Portugis dicatatkan membawa pulang ribuan pucuk meriam dan senapang yang dirampas dari Melaka. Teknologi pembuatan dan penggunaannya juga adalah standing dengan teknologi barat. John Crawfurd memetik catatan De Burros dalam bukunya, A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries, bahawa ketika Portugis menawan Melaka dahulu, mereka berjaya merampas antara 3000 hingga 8000 senjata api daripada Melaka, dan De Burros sendiri mengatakan bahawa Portugis sendiri tidak mampu untuk menghasilkan senjata api sebanyak itu. Bahkan catatan De Burrous menjelaskan lagi kepada kita bahawa Portugis menjumpai sebuah meriam Melayu Melaka yang jauh lebih besar daripada meriam yang dipunyai oleh Portugis dan meriam itu telah dihantar ke India. Catatan yang lain pula, seperti yang dinukilkan oleh Godinho Eredia dalam buku Asia Portugueza, karya Manuel de Faria Y Souza dalam E. Koek, Portuguese History of Malacca, sewaktu kedatangan Portugis di Melaka, jumlah meriam yang dipunyai kerajaan tersebut adalah sangat banyak. Tiga ribu pucuk meriam besar telah dijumpai dalam kota Melaka, 5000 pucuk lagi telah sempat dibawa lari oleh tentera Melaka apabila kota itu tumbang. Albuquerque menyatakan bahawa terdapat 2000 pucuk meriam yang diperbuat daripada tembaga dan yang lain diperbuat daripada besi di Melaka. Faria y Souza mengatakan bahawa sebahagian besar daripada 8000 pucuk senjata api atau meriam yang dipunyai kerajaan Melaka adalah berasal dari Pahang. Ini bermakna Pahang merupakan sebuah negeri penghasil senjata api yang berkualiti dan banyak pada zaman itu. Menurut Eredia lagi, semua meriam-meriam itu dihasilkan dengan amat baik dan tidak dapat ditandingi walaupun dengan meriam buatan Portugis. Daripada catatan Eredia ini, dapat disimpulkan bahawa teknologi senjata api yang dimiliki oleh bangsa Melayu Melaka pada waktu tersebut adalah sama tarafnya dengan teknologi persenjataan orang Eropah, malahan mungkin lebih baik. Seorang berbangsa Itali yang terlibat di dalam penyerangan terhadap Melaka pada tahun 1511 menyatakan bahawa terdapatnya penggunaan pelbagai jenis senjata api berat yang telah menyebabkan kehilangan nyawa yang agak ramai di pihak portugis. Menurut beliau, walaupun akhirnya tentera Melayu Melaka kalah, namun mereka digambarkan mempunyai semangat keperwiraan yang tinggi, sangat terlatih dalam ilmu peperangan dan mempunyai simpanan senjata yang bermutu serta pelbagai. Thomas John Newbold, seorang pegawai British di Melaka pernah mencatatkan di dalam Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in The Straits Of Malacca, Volume 2 bahawa kilang-kilang yang menghasilkan senjata api seperti meriam-meriam milik bangsa Melayu sudah lama bertapak bukan sahaja di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, bahkan di sekitar Kepulauan Melayu. Terengganu menjadi hub penghasilan senjata api di Semenanjung, manakala Gerisik merupakan hub untuk Pulau Jawa, dan hub untuk Sumatera pula ialah Minangkabau. Bahkan Newbold turut mengulas mengenai pemandangan biasa yang dilihatnya ketika berada di Tanah Melayu pada abad ke-18 yang dipercayai Newbold sudah lama budaya itu itu bertapak di Tanah Melayu. Katanya, tidaklah sesuatu yang menghairankan andai dapat melihat pendekar Melayu yang lengkap bertanjak dan berbusana Melayu bersama keris dan senjata api Melayu seperti Istingar. Kita lihat pula tulisan R. J. Wilkinson, “ The Capture of Malacca, A.D. 1511 ”. Beliau menyebut mengenai beberapa perkataan sepert “ Malay gun-fire ” dan “ heavy fire ” merujuk kepada bala askar Melaka ketika itu ketika menceritakan mengenai kejatuhan Melaka yang boleh dijadikan dalil bahawa orang Melayu kita ketika itu sudah memiliki senjata api. Diceritakan bahawa ketika askar Portugis cuba memasuki muara Sungai Melaka yang cetek dan berlumpur itu, mereka telah dihujani oleh divisyen askar Melaka yang menggunakan senjata api dan menghujani askar Portugis dengan senjata api Walaupun dalam naskah Sulalatus Salatin ada ditulis yang serangan meriam Portugis menggemparkan orang Melaka bagai bertih digoreng, namun petikan tersebut harus ditafsir sebagai penyedap cerita untuk khalayak pembaca atau pendengar. Jambatan Melaka yang kita lihat dalam lukisan seperti di muzium atau dalam buku-buku teks sejarah yang sering digambarkan dengan penuh daif dan uzur juga perlu kita buang jauh-jauh. Catatan Portugis sendiri mendapati jambatan tersebut terbina dengan sangat kukuh, malah rekod-rekod China beberapa dekad sebelum serangan Portugis melaporkan bahawa ada lebih kurang 20 buah kedai di atas jambatan tersebut. Saya menggambarkan jambatan ini seperti jambatan London Bridge yang pada zaman pertengahan penuh dengan kedai-kedai. Pihak Portugis juga mengalami kesukaran dan mengambil masa untuk merobohkan jambatan tersebut atas maklumat risikan dari Ruy de Aroujo. Di dalam buku teks sekolah juga kita diberitahu atau digambarkan pertempuran berlaku di daratan kota Melaka sahaja, namun dari catatan Portugis didapati pertempuran sebenarnya telah bermula sejak di laut lagi. Sebelum pihak Portugis berjaya mendarat, mereka dilaporkan telah diserang tentera Melaka di perairan yang mengakibatkan kehilangan 100 nyawa di pihak Portugis. Pihak Melaka menggunakan perahu atau lancara yang diisi dengan minyak dan bahan pembakar kayu serta dihalakan ke kapal-kapal Portugis. Taktik ‘Fire Ship’ ini sering digunakan di Eropah juga seperti dalam perang Inggeris dengan Sepanyol pada zaman ratu Elizabeth. Selain itu tembakan meriam dari Melaka menghala ke kapal-kapal Portugis juga turut mendatangkan kecelakaan. Oleh itu pendapat yang mengatakan meriam Melaka tidak boleh menembak jauh juga harus dibuang kelaut. Melaka juga melaksanakan strategi menggertak dan tindakan perang psikologi untuk menakutkan pihak lawan dengan mengeluarkan sejumlah perahu perang, lancara, tongkang, sampan dan sebagainya yang lengkap bersenjata untuk menunjukkan kekuatannya kepada Portugis. Walaupun begitu kekuatan sebenar Melaka yakni armada jong perang gergasinya yang diketuai laksamana pada waktu itu tiada di perairan. Maklumat daripada catatan Giovani Da Empoli mengesahkan bahawa tentera Melaka telah menggunakan lancara serta perahu berapi untuk memusnahkan kapal Portugis. Di kawasan pantai pula pertahanan dikukuhkan dengan pancangan kayu dan besi-besi tajam atau kawat beracun serta meriam-meriam pelbagai jenis besar dan kecil beserta dengan peti-peti berisi serbuk peluru. Sebenarnya saudara sekalian perang Melaka bukan berlaku dalam jangka masa yang singkat. Pada masa ketibaan Portugis pada 28 Jun 1511 pertempuran tidak terus terjadi sebaliknya kedua-dua belah pihak menggunakan taktik tunggu dan lihat, masing-masing menunggu siapa yang akan menyerang dahulu. Hal ini diselangi dengan sesi perundingan dan diplomasi yang tidak kemana. Pihak Portugis mahu tawanan Portugis termasuk Ruy de Aroujo dibebaskan. Selang tiga minggu dari itu keadaan mula semakin tegang. Beberapa siri pertempuran kecil berlaku di laut dan dikawasan penginapan para pedagang berdekatan pantai. Portugis menyerang empat kapal Jawa dan sebuah kapal Sumatera. Kemudian kapal-kapal saudagar Gujarat di pelabuhan juga dibakar termasuk rumah penduduk di pantai. Walaupun Sultan kemudiannya membebaskan tawanan, namun perang tetap tidak dapat dielakkan lagi. Pihak Portugis sebenarnya sangat tahu akan kelemahan Melaka. Hal ini kerana mereka telah mempunyai perancangan yang jitu. Mereka mempunyai kelebihan dari segi risikan atau maklumat yang diberi oleh Ruy de Aroujo dan orang-orang dalaman Melaka sendiri seperti Utimutiraja, seorang perempuan Parsi dan Nainachittu. Melaka mempunyai musuh di setiap penjuru malah didalam kelambunya sendiri. Namun demikian Portugis tidak pernah memperkecilkan kemampuan pertahanan Melaka. Albuquerque sendiri pernah menyebut bahawa " Kita tidak akan dapat menawan melaka dengan hanya dua batang pedang yang berkarat ! " Di waktu subuh sebelum serangan habis-habisan dilancarkan, Albuquerque memberi ucapan bahawa Melaka harus ditundukkan supaya aliran rempah tidak akan sampai ke Makkah dan Kaherah dan sinar Islam disini akan padam ! Ungkapan beliau ini jelas menunjukkan niat sebenar mereka. Barisan ketenteraan Portugis sebenarnya lebih ramai dari yang kita ketahui. Namun kita sering mendengar jumlah tentera Portugis hanyalah 1200 orang termasuk 600 tentera upahan Malabari dan kapalnya lebih kurang 19 buah. Maklumat daripada catatan Giovanni menunjukkan bahawa sewaktu tiba di Pedir, jumlah kapal termasuk yang ditawan di perjalanan mencecah angka 25 buah. Di Pasai, lapan buah kapal dari Cambay lagi menjadi mangsa tawanan atau dirosakkan. Dengan demikian kita menganggarkan lebih kurang 27 buah kapal telah tiba di perairan Melaka. Malahan terdapat beberapa buah kapal lagi di Melaka yang ditawan dan tawanannya dijadikan barisan sokongan dalam serangan keatas Melaka. Giovanni turut melaporkan bahawa dalam serangan pada 25 julai 1511 terdapat 1500 orang tentera Portugis yang terlibat, dengan pasukan bantuan daripada orang Cina sebanyak 400 orang dan bantuan dari seorang putera Sumatera (Raja Kampar menantu Sultan Mahmud sendiri) juga lebih kurang 400 orang. Ini semua belum termasuk tentera bantuan dari orang Pegu, Siam, malah orang-orang Keling dibawah Nainachittu dan tentera upahan Jawa yang sengaja berperang dengan tidak bersungguh-sungguh setelah ketua mereka Utimutiraja disogok Portugis. Pertempuran berlaku dengan sengit di beberapa lokasi seperti di Jambatan, bukit Melaka, Bandar pelabuhan, Istana dan Masjid sultan. Pertahanan Melaka turut diperkuatkan oleh ribuan tentera Jawa yang pada permulaan ogos dibayar tiga bulan gaji terkehadapan disamping barisan pejuang Turki dan Khorusones atau Parsi sejumlah 3000 orang. Seperti yang saya telah sebutkan tadi, walaupun tentera Jawa ini telah dibayar gaji awal untuk tiga bulan, mereka tetap belot dan tidak bersungguh-sungguh mempertahankan Melaka kerana penghulu mereka Utimutiraja telah membuat pakatan dengan Alfonso de Albuquerque dan memberitahu anak-anak buahnya agar ‘ tidak perlu bersusah payah menggadaikan nyawa sendiri untuk mempertahankan harta benda orang lain ’. Persoalannya adakah kekuatan Melaka yang sebenar telah digunakan sepenuhnya ? Sebenarnya kekuatan Melaka yang sebenar adalah terletak pada armada lautnya. Namun demikian armada laut Melaka yang terdiri daripada jong-jong yang besar tidak berada di perairan Melaka pada ketika itu. Sebelum mulanya serangan yang penghabisan oleh Portugis, Sultan sengaja melambat-lambatkan pelepasan tawanan dan cuba berdiplomasi kerana menunggu armada lautnya bersama Laksamana. Namun tindakan Sultan yang sengaja melengah-lengahkan masa tersebut diketahui Portugis yang menyebabkan serangan total dilakukan sebelum sempat armada itu sampai. Hal ini disebabkan pihak Portugis sangat takut dengan risikan yang diberikan oleh Ruy de Aroujo yang mengatakan bahawa Sultan Melaka mempunyai satu armada laut yang sangat kuat yang diketuai oleh seseorang yang bernama ‘ Laksamana ’ yang dapat membakar hangus seluruh armada Portugis jika mereka lambat bertindak. Terdapat catatan dari Portugis yang menyebut bahawa sewaktu Melaka diserang, Laksamana bersama armada Melaka sedang mengadakan rondaan di kawasan perairan jajahan takluk Melaka, mungkin sekitar Riau-Lingga. Ini kerana dalam catatan tersebut diberitahu bahawa Raja Lingga bersama Laksamana telah berpatah balik apabila mengetahui bahawa Melaka sudah jatuh ke tangan Portugis dan Sultan Mahmud Shah dan keluarganya berundur ke Bentayan di Muar. Pada pendapat saya Raja Lingga dan Laksamana tahu bahawa kejatuhan Melaka bukanlah bermakna kejatuhan empayar Melaka kerana adat Melayu itu 10 negeri boleh dicari, selagi ada raja berdaulat. Jadi jika raja berundur maka pembesar dan raja-raja taklukannya tidak akan membuat keputusan sendiri untuk terus menyerang Melaka, sebaliknya berundur bersama Sultan untuk mengatur strategi baru. Sultan Mahmud Shah juga dikatakan bertitah, adat kita raja Melayu, negeri alah raja mati, yang melambangkan bahawa perjuangan Melaka sebenarnya belum tamat selagi baginda dan waris-warisnya belum mati. Apa yang dapat saya simpulkan disini ialah kekalahan Melaka kepada Portugis bukanlah satu kekalahan yang mudah seperti yang sering disebut-sebut. Bukan disebabkan teknologi persenjataan yang lemah dan bukan kerana kejakunan tentera Melaka terhadap tembakan meriam tentera Portugis. Barisan pertahanan Melaka telah berjuang berhabis-habisan baik dari segi diplomasi, pertanahan, taktik dan strategi pertempuran. Pihak Portugis sendiri mengakui bahawa pejuang-pejuang Melayu Melaka adalah gagah perkasa dan terlatih dalam ilmu peperangan serta dilengkapi dengan pelbagai jenis senjata berpotensi. Namun begitu kita tidak boleh pandang rendah pada kekuatan Portugis. Orang Portugis mempunyai pengalaman tempur dan kepungan laut yang sama hebatnya dengan bangsa Melayu. Sebelum mereka menyerang Melaka banyak kota pelabuhan lain seperti di India dan Teluk Parsi yang berjaya mereka tawan, malah mereka pernah bertempur dengan armada Turki Uthmaniah yang terkenal hebat itu. Kekalahan Melaka adalah sebab kurangnya kesepaduan dan kesepakatan diantara ‘ Anakvanua ’, dan sikap terlalu memberi kepercayaan kepada ‘ anak dagang ’ atau bangsa ‘ asing ’. Bak kata pepatah ‘ apalah diharap pada dagang, bertukar musim berlalulah ia ’. Sikap terlalu bertoleransi yang ditunjukkan oleh orang Melayu sejak zaman berzaman ini akhirnya memakan diri sendiri apabila golongan-golongan ‘ dagang ’ ini mula menunjukkan belang mereka dan menikam dari belakang ! Baik dagang Kalingga, dagang Ming, dagang Burma, maupun dagang Kampar dan Mojo yang serumpun sebangsa, semuanya menjadi duri dalam daging. Harapkan pegar,pegar pula makan padi. Peristiwa ini seharusnya menjadi pengajaran kepada anak-anak vanua pada hari ini, dan bukannya kisah Melaka kalah berperang kerana menggunakan keris dan sumpit semata-mata yang ternyata tidak benar. Sekian, wallah hu a’lam. ~ Al Semantani Jones dan Helmy Effendy ~ Rujukan : • Prof Emeritus Dr. Muhammad Yusof Hj. Hashim , Kisah Melaka 1511, Institute Kajian Sejarah Dan Patriotism Malaysia, 2006. • Abdul Aziz Zakaria, Portugis Dalam Sejarah Melaka, DBP, 1963. • Portuguese Documents on Malacca: 1509-1511, National Archives of Malaysia, 1993. • Muhammad Yusoff Hashim, Muzaffar Desmond John Tate, The Malay Sultanate of Malacca: A Study of Various Aspects of Malacca in the 15th and 16th Centuries in Malaysian History, Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka, 1992. * The Capture of Malacca, A.D. 1511 oleh RJ Wilkinson * Asia Portugueza oleh Manuel de Faria Y Souza dalam E. Koek * A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries oleh De Burrowss |
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Sep 5 2015, 04:45 PM
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Junior Member
408 posts Joined: Nov 2006 From: LANGKASUKA مليسيا |
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