Indonesia’s South China Sea Policy: A Delicate Equilibrium

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This week, a Chinese coast guard ship once again attempted to intercept an Indonesian crackdown on a Chinese boat for illegal fishing near the Natuna Islands
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The interest is not surprising given Indonesia’s geopolitical heft, the still-evolving foreign policy of its president Joko “Jokowi” Widodo,” and Jakarta’s status as a non-claimant but an interested party in the South China Sea disputes
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Indonesia’s traditional position might be best summed up as pursuing a ‘delicate equilibrium,’ – seeking to both engage China diplomatically on the issue and enmeshing Beijing and other actors within regional institutions
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Indonesia has an interest in safeguarding its own sovereignty because although it is not officially a claimant in the South China Sea disputes, China’s nine-dash line overlaps with the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around the resource-rich Natuna Islands
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in line with its traditional free and active (bebas-aktif) foreign policy, Jakarta has an interest in preserving its autonomy and maneuverability in its foreign relations by ensuring that the South China Sea issue does not exacerbate U.S.-China rivalry or negatively affect its relationship with Washington or Beijing
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Indonesia has an interest in broader regional peace and stability as a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a regional leader, and a maritime nation that uses the South China Sea
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as the world’s largest archipelagic state, Indonesia has an interest in upholding international law, including the sanctity of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
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since the 1990s but continues to reject any officially negotiated settlement for fear that it would legitimize Beijing’s illegal claims (as Indonesia’s ex-foreign minister Ali Alatas put it, “the repetition of an untruth will ultimately make it appear as truth”).
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On hard balancing, the Natunas have been a key feature of Indonesia’s external defense thinking since the 1990s, with Jakarta continuing to upgrade its air and naval assets to strengthen its position there. And on soft balancing, Indonesia has formally protested China’s nine-dash line map to the United Nations
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Since the election of Indonesian president Joko “Jokowi” Widodo, however, there has been confusion about what his administration’s approach to the South China Sea is as well as the degree to which it is departing from its traditional policy
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The Jokowi administration has signaled significantly less interest in enmeshment thus far, with its lack of leadership on the South China Sea issue within ASEAN as well as worrying comments from certain officials about global norms being chief indicators
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That’s not entirely surprising since it is rooted in enduring realities such as the complexity of Indonesia’s position in the South China Sea, the limits of its capabilities, and the tradition of bebas-aktif in Indonesian foreign policy
http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/indonesias-...te-equilibrium/
Mar 24 2016, 07:19 PM
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