If an earthquake hits the city
BY BAVANI M.
There are many old buildings in Kuala Lumpur such as Masjid Jamek.
ACCORDING to a team of experts from the Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM), many older buildings in Kuala Lumpur are at risk if an earthquake was to happen.
Experts from IEM’s study group on earthquakes said old structures built before the 1940s are most vulnerable from cracks and breakage.
IEM deputy president Tan Yean Chin said many of Kuala Lumpur’s pre-war buildings were built on bricks, masonry, or blocks of stone before the introduction of reinforced concrete.
These buildings are more likely to suffer damage if hit by tremors.
As for buildings built post that period which use reinforced concrete, Tan said a far field earthquake (which occurs far away), such as the one that struck Aceh in 2004 and unleashed the tsunami, had little effect, with no building toppling or suffering serious structural damage.
“The buildings trembled but none collapsed and no serious structural damage was reported.
“However, there were minor cracks, partitions and some broken glass and pipes,” he said.
Similarly, near field (local) earthquakes in Bukit Tinggi, Pahang which happened between 2007 and 2009, also did not result in any collapse or serious structural damage to high-rise buildings in Kuala Lumpur.
“Although based on this historical data, buildings in Kuala Lumpur did not suffer any serious structural damage, the seismic effects could still be felt.
“So Malaysia can be susceptible to hazards if a bigger magnitude earthquake occurs,” Tan said.
It was recently reported that Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL) was looking into the need to build tremor-resistant buildings in the wake of the Sabah earthquake.
Mayor Tan Sri Ahmad Phesal Talib said this was a new concern as Kuala Lumpur was always thought to be earthquake free.
But experts have warned of Malaysia’s potential seismic hazards and that peninsular Malaysia falls under the tectonic plate area.
Earthquake-resistant buildings
“We recommend that future buildings be more earthquake-resistant.
“Precautionary measures must be taken as no one can predict when the next earthquake is going to hit,” said Tan.
He added that a modern and developed city like Kuala Lumpur should require all buildings fulfil the latest design requirements, including earthquake-resistance.
IEM has been working on an earthquake design code for Malaysian buildings.
A man on a cherry picker repairing / restoring the wall of the Sultan Abdul Samad building clock tower,Jalan Raja. P.Nathan / The Star
Sultan Abdul Samad building.
According to its structural expert, Prof M.C Hee, the professional body was invited by the government in 2008 to draft the code for earthquake engineering which would serve as the national code for all future buildings in the country.
Hee said they have been working towards endorsing the Eurocode 8 (EC8) to be incorporated into Malaysian standards.
The Eurocode are a set of harmonised technical rules developed by the European Committee for standardisation of structural design of construction works in the European Union.
Replacing British Standards
“Currently, only Terenganu and Selangor have gazetted the Eurocode.
“We would like to meet the mayor of Kuala Lumpur and help the city develop a set of guidelines for future buildings to be earthquake resistant.
Most government building like the KTM building have been gazetted as Heritage building.
KTM building.
“New buildings that have adopted the new code are more earthquake tolerant,” pointed out Hee.
Making KL safer
IEM past chairman Liew Shaw Shong said DBKL as the local authority in charge, should gazette the law and ensure that IEM’s recommendations are followed.
DBKL recently approved more than 50 development projects in the city that have been described by Ahmad Phesal as “Towers of Excellence.”
These projects with a gross development value of billions of ringgit, will be built at various locations in the city centre with many involving skyscrapers between 60 and 65 storeys high.
“We are not recommending that all buildings be evaluated, but the government may want to relook Kuala Lumpur’s old heritage buildings which should at least be evaluated and strengthened to make them more resilient to earthquakes.
“Kuala Lumpur’s existing structures can be checked by our earthquake engineers to see how vulnerable they are.
Acrobatic Lion Dance at Central Market
“We have the means to identify the vulnerable areas and make the buildings more resilient,” added Hee.
Citing Japan as an example, Tan said that Tokyo was predicting a big earthquake within 100 years.
“Most of the buildings will not be able to withstand that kind of devastation.
“But what their engineers are doing is to minimise casualties and other risk factors like fire and gas leaks,” he said.
Liew added that City Hall also needs to look at secondary hazards induced by earthquakes such as sinkholes.
“Slope collapse can also cause damage so it is crucial to identify all these vulnerable areas,” said Liew.
He added that since Malaysia was within the seismic activity range, local authorities nationwide, government agencies and ministries must move now to start incorporating earthquake requirements in their building design.
“We need to push for the Eurocode to be adopted and the government must help move this.
“We can never predict when the next earthquake will hit us or the magnitude of it, but we can prepare for it,” concluded Tan.
Reported in Thestar today. It seems DBKL are pushing all highrise to be build based on EQ resistant in future.