1.1 Malacca Kingdom
1.1.1 Rise and Fall of the Malacca Kingdom
1.1.1.1 Islamization of the Malacca Kingdom
1.1.1.2 The Golden Age of the Malacca Kingdom
1.1.1.3 The decline of the state and the Portuguese invasion
1.2 Malay Peninsula in the 16th and 17th Centuries
1.2.1 European Arrival in the East
1.2.1.1 Background of European arrival in the East

1.2.2 Malacca under Portuguese and Dutch Occupation
1.2.2.1 Portuguese rule policy
1.2.2.2 Dutch rule over Malacca

1.2.3 Johor Kingdom and the Triangle War
1.2.3.1 Rise and fall of the Malacca royal lineage Johor Kingdom
1.2.3.2 Background and impact of the war between Portuguese Malacca, the Johor Kingdom, and Aceh

1.3 Malay Peninsula in the mid-18th to mid-19th Centuries
1.3.1 Rise and fall of the Johor Kingdom Prime Minister Dynasty
1.3.1.1 Relations with the Bugis
1.3.1.2 Relations with the Dutch

1.3.2 Straits Settlements
1.3.2.1 Background and reasons for the British return to Southeast Asia
1.3.2.2 British occupation of Penang and Singapore
1.3.2.3 The Straits Settlements and the Anglo-Dutch Treaty

1.4 British Invasion and Rule in Malaya and North Borneo
1.4.1 Federated Malay States
1.4.1.1 British attitude change towards the Malay states
1.4.1.2 Larut Wars and the Pangkor Engagement
1.4.1.3 From the Selangor Civil War to the appointment of the Resident
1.4.1.4 Negeri Sembilan and Pahang accept the Resident
1.4.1.5 The Resident and the Federated Malay States

1.4.2 Modernization of Johor
1.4.2.1 Kangchu system
1.4.2.2 Modernization of Sultan Abu Bakar

1.4.3 Unfederated Malay States
1.4.3.1 Relationship between the four northern Malay states and Siam
1.4.3.2 The Unfederated Malay States and the Advisor
1.4.3.3 Malay reaction to the Resident and Advisor systems

1.4.4 British Operations in Sarawak and North Borneo
1.4.4.1 Brooke family rule in Sarawak
1.4.4.2 British North Borneo Chartered Company operations in North Borneo
1.4.4.3 Anti-British activities of the people of Sarawak and North Borneo

1.4.5 Economic, Social, and Educational Development
1.4.5.1 Economic development and the rise of cities
1.4.5.2 Formation of a plural society
1.4.5.3 Development of various streams of education
1.5 Malay Nationalism Movement and Ethnic Politics
1.5.1 Malay Nationalism
1.5.1.1 Reasons for the rise of Malay nationalism
1.5.1.2 Pre-war development of Malay nationalism

1.5.2 Chinese Political Consciousness
1.5.2.1 Development of Chinese political consciousness

1.5.3 Left-wing Forces
1.5.3.1 Development of left-wing forces
1.6 Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak during World War II
1.6.1 Japanese Invasion of Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak
1.6.1.1 Reasons for Japan launching the Pacific War
1.6.1.2 Japanese occupation of Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak and their rule
1.6.1.3 Resistance movements during the Japanese occupation
1.6.1.4 End of the Pacific War

1.7 From Malaya to Malaysia
1.7.1 Malayan Union and the Federation of Malaya
1.7.1.1 Malayan Union Plan
1.7.1.2 Formation of the Federation of Malaya
1.7.2 Independence of the Federation of Malaya
1.7.2.1 Emergency State and Implementation of the Malayan Electoral System
1.7.2.2 Malaya-Britain Negotiations and Constitution Drafting
1.7.2.3 Independence of the Federation of Malaya
1.7.3 Formation of Malaysia
1.7.3.1 Singapore and the Three North Borneo States Become British Colonies
1.7.3.2 Introduction of the Malaysia Concept and its Reasons
1.7.3.3 Reaction of Singapore and the Three North Borneo States
1.7.3.4 International Reaction and the Birth of Malaysia
1.7.3.5 Singapore's Independence
1.7.4 Federal Constitution
1.7.4.1 Key Points of the Constitution

1.8 Post-Independence Development in Various Fields
1.8.1 Politics, Economy, Society
1.8.1.1 Stages of Political Development from Independence to the Early 21st Century
1.8.1.2 The Alliance Era and the May 13th Incident
1.8.1.3 Malaysia in the 1970s
1.8.1.4 Malaysia under Mahathir's Governance
1.8.1.5 Key Economic Development Policies and Focuses of Various Malaysia Plans
1.8.1.6 Social Issues Facing Our Country in the 21st Century
1.8.2 Education
1.8.2.1 National Education Policy
1.8.2.2 Chinese Education