You are going to get people in jail lol

Going to sit for RAE this year

Usually the commercial ones for pakguard they will use UHF specifically on 477MHz band because those does not need license.
VHF is for long communication or open spaces. Generally people use UHF for indoors or complex structures but that does not mean you can't use UHF for long range.

Normal 477 band have the regulation to use max of 5 watts which can reach up to 10 KM in perfect condition.
There are also analog and digital modes. The pakguard Motorola you see is analog. The ones that are digital are the ones being used in KLCC security guard. This gives a bit more security since it can't be easily scanned by Baofeng radios(the cheap ones people usually buy to start with)

If you want to have longer range, it is better to have your own SKMM registered repeater. That repeater could reach up to 30KM or more depending on the terrain or elevation.

As for the PDRM ones, they are using XTS/APX model radio. Those are using digital mode(P25 protocol) and it is AES256 hardware encrypted with OTA re-key. This means that the encryption key changes everyday or for a period of time depending on what they set.

If you are interested in scanning stuff over the air, I would highly recommend you to get a Baofeng(usually RM 160 only, don't get scammed) which you could scan in the UHF range and VHF range.
VHF range is where all the HAM people are hanging out. UHF is where you can start to hear commercial stuff especially when you go to the 477MHz band.

It gets exciting once you first start to scan but after a week or so, you'll get bored of hearing random crane radio("ok naik! STOP! etc.) unless you are adventurous to go and scan more interesting stuff and record the frequencies like your local security frequency etc.

As for me, I have my own way of finding and identifying frequencies very fast including the type of encoding used(for data or digital).

Yes. You are invited to join the whatsapp group for lowyat amateur radio group LYN Amateur Radio Whatsapp group - Open to all.

de 9W2CPY
QRA Razman

I was referring tho this v2 thread. It was started in 2011.

Yah, jom pi Hamfair Perak. I'll be there at the APRS & Digital booth. Come by and have a chat about digital mode.

I just passed my ORAE today. Have been interested with HAM since schooling time and finally took the exam.
I need two Class A assignment holders to be my reference.

Thanks. U've been a great help. Will look for assistance here again once the radio has arrived. Sorry u guys for hijacking the thread.

Guess what, me in one of the photos

http://www.theborneopost.com/2017/08/20/ta...ith-illw-event/

System Fusion

Kita mulakan dengan Yaesu dahulu, untuk seiring dengan peredaran masa, Yaesu juga membangunkan system mode digital (C4FM/FDMA) mereka sendiri iaitu System Fusion. Dimana untuk run system Fusion ini, beberapa model dihasilkan samada dual band atau single band serta jenis mobile dan juga portable. Model untuk mobile rig dual band VHF/UHF seperti FTM400, FTM100 dihasilkan. Model FTM ini mempunyai keupayaan seperti GPS, APRS, mengesan lokasi station yang lain, Malah model FTM ini juga boleh tx gambar jika dipasangkan camera mic (optional). Disamping itu juga, model FTM ini juga boleh berkomunikasi menggunakan mode analog jika kita ingin contact dengan rakan yang tidak ada mode digital.


FTM400DR/XDR

FTM100

FTM3200

Bagi model monoband pula, Yaesu memperkenalkan model FTM 3200DR, model ini juga berkeupayaan C4FM/FDMA cuma ia single band sahaja, iaitu pada band 2m. Model untuk operasi portable juga mereka hasilkan, contoh model untuk portable  ialah FT1DR, FT2DR dan yang terkini, FT70DR dual-band. Kesemua model-model ini mempunyai fungsi dan keupayaan yang sama, yang membezakan antara mereka adalah colour skrin sahaja,


Model FT1DR

Model FT2DR

Model FT70DR

Oleh kerana semua model ini menggunakan System Fusion, maka untuk menghubungkan atau membuat networking bagi semua model ini agar dapat berkomunikasi dengan lebih cekap dan efisien lagi, maka sebuah repeater yang berkeupayaan System Fusion diperlukan. Sehubungan dengan itu, Yaesu juga ada menghasilkan sebuah repeater yang menggunakan modulasi C4FM/FM iaitu Yaesu DR-1X.


DR-1X

Repeater Yaesu DR-1X ini support dual band, iaitu band 2m dan juga band 70cm. Dimana ianya ada dua mode modulasi, iaitu modulasi C4FM dan FM. Maknanya disini, ianya boleh digunakan secara analog dan juga digital. Untuk menambahkan kecekapan repeater ini menguruskan dua jenis modulasi tersebut, Yaesu ada membangunkan system AMS, iaitu Automatic Mode Selection. AMS berfungsi seperti berikut:

1. Jika kita tx ke repeater DR-1X ini dengan mode C4FM, maka ia akan segera secara automatik memancar semula dengan pancaran dalam mode C4FM.
2. Jika kita tx ke repeater DR-1X dalam mode FM, maka ia akan tx semula dalam mode FM juga.

Maknanya disini, repeater DR1-X ini boleh digunakan oleh dua pihak, iaitu golongan yang menggunakan system analog dan juga golongan yang menggunakan system digital. Berbeza dengan repeater digital yang lain.

*** Buat masa ini, repeater yang menyokong System Fusion adalah 9M2RUK (Ulu Kali -  VHF) , 9M2RKL (Bukit Lanjan - UHF) dan 9M4RHE (Hotel Equatorial, Melaka - VHF)  dalam mode AMS. ***

http://wavecommunications.com.my/product/yaesu-ft-70dr-2/

They are selling for RM 749

I got a lubang who can sell for RM706 before shipping.

http://wavecommunications.com.my/product/yaesu-ft-70dr-2/

They are selling for RM 749

Yes, very much. I got few of my radios from him, including TS590SG

No idea really, I bought X500, installed it 10 years ago and done with it. It still working great up there on the roof No idea about BC100.

You may want to look at this monobander antenna, made in Indonesia.

http://www.9m2rol.com/a/gazden-antenna-7db-for-144mhz-2m