modern problems require modern solution,

Red brick, air well in center, the ventilation bricks on the top part of the wall

UBBL provides baseline. Meaning it tells you for certain space, it must have minimum opening for lighting and ventilation. This prevents idiots from designing low-cost housing with absolutely no windows to 'maximize profit'.

But, the minimum opening size defined by UBBL is not the optimum size. Refer below:



10% of floor size? That's really small. A typical 3x4m room is 12msq. Meaning the minimum size of the window is 1.2msq, which is about 1m x 1.2m. This is what most developers use as a standard. However, we now know (through science) that ventilation needs inlet and outlet. Providing just opening on one side of the wall does not guarantee air circulation.

And having a 2msq window pun tak guna if it opens to an airshaft that barely gets any light (like in some apartment/flat designs).

Air vent . Old house got void for natural air vent.

Developer being generous by using same window size for other smaller sized bedrooms and kitchen.
The door opening could serve as outlet to provide cross ventilation?

That 6.5 room needs air-con, kitchen/yard and bathrooms opens to same air shaft. Maybe high floor no need.

Developer being generous?

If developers are being generous, they'd pay the architects' fees in full and follow whatever the architect recommends.

Architects just translate client's brief.

Its the structural engineer holding it up...

Architects just translate client's brief.

Its the structural engineer holding it up...

And also the govt officer where u need their approval for the plan and CCC lol

Ummm no.