When you say modern, what do you mean exactly?

And by the way, Malaysian architecture education has been around since before WW2. Although trained by British architects, these architects have been around in Malaysia, design building in Malaysia considering Malaysian climate.

We only began studying overseas in the late 70s, when the economy is better and people can afford studying abroad. By then, Malaysian architecture has already took its current form.

If you ask me, the issue about hot houses are multifaceted. One, it could be caused by architects not aware of local climates. But I have to tell you, even if you study 10 years overseas, you'll come back and MUST practice with local firms, where there will be architects with local tropical experiences.

Most of the time I blame developers. Not many developers are even trained in built environment. They got rich doing something else, then decided to venture into property development. Then they pay architects who would design the way they think appeals to the rakyat. And of course, rakyat being susceptible to advertisements, starts spending money on inappropriately designed houses.

And there's also the problem of kontraktor cuba buat kerja arkitek. This is very common, as home owners think that architects are just some glorified chef, and can save cost by NOT paying architects. So sekarang rumah kau panas, rasakan.

It can be up to code but still insufficient. UBBL was not written based on the science we have today.

UBBL provides baseline. Meaning it tells you for certain space, it must have minimum opening for lighting and ventilation. This prevents idiots from designing low-cost housing with absolutely no windows to 'maximize profit'.

But, the minimum opening size defined by UBBL is not the optimum size. Refer below:



10% of floor size? That's really small. A typical 3x4m room is 12msq. Meaning the minimum size of the window is 1.2msq, which is about 1m x 1.2m. This is what most developers use as a standard. However, we now know (through science) that ventilation needs inlet and outlet. Providing just opening on one side of the wall does not guarantee air circulation.

And having a 2msq window pun tak guna if it opens to an airshaft that barely gets any light (like in some apartment/flat designs).

Developer being generous?

If developers are being generous, they'd pay the architects' fees in full and follow whatever the architect recommends.

And also the govt officer where u need their approval for the plan and CCC lol

Ummm no.