Mr Farmer:

Hmmm...... Sorry I can't see the pictures from here. But based on your description, it sounds to be due to sun scalding, followed by infection by phytophtora fungus. Tell me, do you water early in the evenings, about 4-5pm? Or earlier, shortly after mid-day?

Although literature on sun scalding will show it to be something more of a problem in temperate regions, the fact is sun scalding happens to plants wherever there are drastic shifts in temperature. In the tropics, what happens is that in the daytime, temperatures are excessively high, followed by sharp drops in temperature during evenings or night time. In Malaysia, the normal daytime temperature is anywhere between 28C to 33C or maybe 1-2 degrees higher; night temperatures in most cases are also still quite high, around 26C-28C in the lowlands, which is about 2-5 degrees shifts. This isn't a very drastic change, and plant cells can adapt quite well to this, usually through the uptake of water and other metabolites.

However, problem comes when temperatures soar till around 35C, and then plummet to 26C. The nearly 10C change in temperature will shock the plant, causing the cells to keep "drinking" water without restraint, leading to "bursting" barks and splitting along the trunk. The same condition can occur even under normal temperature ranges, whereby cool water is applied to plants on a hot day, leading to sharp shifts in soil and bark temperatures, thereby stimulating the plant to go into thermal regulation mode. That's why most growers and gardeners will tell you, "Don't water plants during the afternoon sun!". They don't normally explain why, but this is part of the reasoning.

Now once a wound is created, it will allow easy access to plant pathogens and other nasty stuff. Disease causing fungi like phytophtora are commonly present in tropical soil, especially those with very high amount of woody/organic matter. Not all species of phytophtora are habitual plant-killers, but when given the chance, they can kill.

It is hard to determine the severity of the infection at this stage (as I can't view the photos). But if the bark area has some black or dark appearance, the chances are the disease is already in an advance stage, and saving the plant would be difficult. If it isn't a rare or expensive plant, you might want to consider getting replacements.

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Added on June 26, 2012, 2:05 pmGood day all.

For all of you aspiring (and on-going) durian growers, a little information about the wonderful of durians.

http://durianinfo.blogspot.com/


This post has been edited by Michael J.: Jun 26 2012, 02:05 PM

MJ, yeas, you were right, was watering these plants during hot afternoon, as due to this hot drought weather, it's already killing most of my new plants.
Wondering how long shall this weather last. Rivers, creeks and our pond is drying up.

Mr Farmer:

I've finally managed to have a good long look at the photos you've posted here.

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Added on June 26, 2012, 6:53 pmBut I have to ask you a question: Do you have squirrel problems as well?

This post has been edited by Michael J.: Jun 26 2012, 06:53 PM

Hmmh, not that I know of in this farm. Only lots of chickens (neighbor's, 4 sides).

Mr Farmer:

Hmm.. Well the reason I'm asking is because squirrels are known to chew on sapling bark, or even mature tree bark when there's a drought spell. Their way of getting water.

But I'm assuming that even though your river, creeks and ponds are running out of water, somewhere somehow there are puddle or shallow pools of water at your place right? If those non-permanent, but available bodies of water are present, then they may not be as keen to nibble on saplings.

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Added on June 28, 2012, 9:14 amSeparately, I've been on a durian hunt. Well actually, I've been hunting for durians at my local durian stall. My goal was to try as many different varieties of durians as I could find. It is one thing to read about them, look at some pictures, and go "uhm hmmm", but it is a completely different thing to actually eat them.

Also, I'm collecting some seeds from each variety to germinate. Although most of them would probably be open pollinated, and thus hybrids, it has come to my attention that no new varieties had been added to the registry since the early 1990s. So maybe, just maybe, it is high time to find Malaysia's Next Top Durian.

My list and description of durians tasted so far:

Variety: D28
Location: Mantin
Fruit: Somewhat oblique or teardrop shaped, small thorns at the top, progressing into large, broad, widely spaced thorns towards the bottom.
Smell: Aromatic, not strongly pungent. Pleasant, reminds one of D24
Aril: Golden yellow arils (flesh), very creamy, very thick, sweet with slight bitter tang on the finish. Extremely filling. Few seeds per locule, which are moderately large. Seeds are somewhat trapezoid shaped.

Variety: D144
Location: Mantin
Fruit: Kidney shaped, with moderately long, well packed thorns, which are very sharp.
Smell: Aromatic, not very pungent.
Aril: Light yellow arils, creamy, a little runny, but thin. Sweet with almost un-noticeable bitter tang on the bite. Quite a few seeds per locule, some shrunken, which are quite large compared to total pulp content. Seeds are bullet shaped.

Variety: D2
Location: KL (Banting origin)
Fruit: Kidney shaped, with noticeable reduction of locules on one side. Moderately spaced thorns, which are sharp, but somewhat pliable.
Smell: Intensely aromatic, sharp sweet smell that can be overpowering in a closed room.
Aril: Whitish arils (flesh), very creamy, very thick but slightly runny, sweet with strong bitter notes on the bite till finish. Extremely filling, but addictive. Few seeds per locule, many shrunken. Only 3 locules contained arils, the other two locules were sharply reduced. Seeds which are moderately sized, ovoid with tapered end.

Variety: D88 (?)
Location: KL (Banting origin)
Fruit: Heart shaped (like beef heart), densely packed thorns, recurved at the top.
Smell: Aroma not noticeable before opening. Once opened, is moderately pungent.
Aril: Whitish grey arils (flesh), very creamy, mederately thick, sweet with slight bitter tang on the finish. Many seeds per locule (4-5), which are small-medium sized, and has distinctive black "brush" marks on the sides. Shows some signs of uneven ripening, but is generally good eating once dropped from tree.

Variety: D103 (?)
Location: KL (Banting origin)
Fruit: Perfectly globose fruit, with short, even, and widely spaced sharp thorns. Yellow-green colored.
Smell: Aromatic, with some pungency. Can be overpowering in a closed room.
Aril: Whitish yellow arils (flesh), creamy but runny, and very sticky. EXTREMELY BITTER ON THE FIRST BITE. Taste mellows significantly after consuming first pip, with slight hints of vodka. Many small seeds per locule (3-4), but mostly are shrunken and reduced. Pleasant to eat in alternation with a sweet durian. Seeds are ovoid, but flattish.


One thing I'd like to note about the last few entries, is that about 1-2 hour after eating them, there is a tendency to get drowsy. Not sure if it is due to any "additional" stuff in the durians (read: agrochemicals), or if the vodka taste has anything to do with it (natural alcohol compounds). I had some of my best sleeps ever in the past two days when I started eating those durians.

This post has been edited by Michael J.: Jun 28 2012, 09:14 AM

Bro suddenly you are on a durian hunt...lolx...

btw i might give you a call tomorrow or saturday morning since i am still collecting some durian and trying to germinate them.

i think i have not so good memory on what you told me....zzz... sorry to disturb you bro...

trying the d28 seeds

Para:

No prob. Germinating durian seeds is quite easy actually. You just need to choose seeds which are full (i.e. not shrunken, shrivelled, or poorly formed), wash them thoroughly, and place them in a container with 1cm of water in a cool dark place. They usually germinate within 2-3 days; mine germinated within 1 day.

PS: Just to be sure you are selecting good seeds to germinate, fill up a small bucket with water, and pop the seeds into that bucket. If it floats, it means it won't germinate. If it sinks, then the chances of germination is much better. This is provided, of course, the seeds are from fresh or chilled durians, and not the frozen ones; the latter may still germinate, but the chances are low.

which is better? a concrete pool or a fiberglass pool for aquaculture?

got a piece of land, plan bit aquaculture...

thanks

Awakened_Angel:

Both have pros and cons. Any specifc area you want to know? Because your question is too general..... eg., do you want to know if concrete pool is better than fibreglass pool in terms of disease management? or durability? price factor? water chemistry control? flocculation control? how about temperature control? etc.

But more importantly, you need to know if the land you have is actually suitable for aquaculture, and for which kind. I'm assuming you've done some homework and therefore your confidence that it is suitable for aquaculture.

Now concrete pools will require excavating the land to some depth, and then building up the cement sides and base. If your land is soft with significant groundwater movement, then there is a risk of earth shifting, which will result in cracks in your concrete pool. If you soil is too dense, water seeping underneath your concrete pool could result cause the pool to be lifted out from the ground (I got experience this first hand with my own concrete pond).

Fibreglass tanks are very expensive (about RM20,000 easily for a 48,000 liter good quality tank), and likewise the system to support it. Most will need to be kept under a shade house, as UV irradiation will damage the tanks in the long run. However, these tanks can be placed above ground with less risk of baulking over (a situation where the sides give way due to the pressure exerted by the huge volume of water), and are easier to clean and manage. Any soil defects can be corrected or adjusted, and there are less issues with soil "breathability".



This is a general statement, aimed at most of us:
Do know your land before committing to any agri venture. Just because your neighbours are planting or growing something, it does not mean your land is well suited for it. One should aim to cultivate whatever that is most suited to the land and excel in it, rather than cultivate what seems like the biggest money-maker but fare moderately (or poorly) in its cultivation.

Eg: Musang King may earn you RM20-RM30 per kg, but if your tree only yield 20 fruits a year, how much better would that be compared to cultivating a D101 which brings on RM9 per kg, but 100 fruit per year?

Guys, MJ had gave a very sound advise for all aspiring would be "Agripreneurs". Would like to add "know you capabilities" as well. Planning on paper is much easier. Agriculture I reckon is like a love affair, and there is lots of external forces, even if you had done all the correct things, it doesn't means that you can expect the stated (targeted) harvest. This is one of the reason why some firms goes on contract farming.
For a commercial venture, we still need to convert the harvest into cash.


Initially I was thinking of replacing all of the Saba Bananas to higher value type, like Berangan, Emas and others. Now I know that, they have different characteristic, the lower value ones are most probably easier to handle.

Mr Farmer:

Thank you. You are very right about knowing one's capabilities. Agriculture is a very engaging affair, and your crops are very finicky "lovers", so to speak; show them a little less attention and care, and there's a high chance of them running out on you.


One thing I've learnt from small-holdings elsewhere (not Malaysia), is the importance of adding value. Sometimes even small added value could make a whole difference towards the final sell. What I mean by value adding are things as seemingly insignificant as bunching your produce together, or pre-packaging them, to more elaborate methods such as cooking them up into ready-to eat meal to take home from the Pasar Tani.

And seriously, the value the small holder can gain is quite stark. Eg., a sweet potato farmer regularly harvests rogue leaves and stems and sells them for RM1 per fistfull bunch. He often sells up to RM200 of the leaves and stems at the weekly farmer's market. If he had sold by weight, he would probably get about 3/4 only. Similarly, his wife grills up fresh sweet potatoes, and sells them about RM2.50 - RM3.00 each (around 400g-500g weight). That's about double the average retail value for fresh tubers.

Obviously, a small holder would not be able to value add everything he/she has cultivated and sell them like the above. But if you can target to have about 30% or maybe 50% of your crop value added, you would be doing pretty well; i.e. sell all your grade A/B produce at the best prices, value add your slightly lower grade produce and sell it for immediate consumption. Now don't go all "aiyoh, sell low grade stuff to people.."; low grade in this instance does not mean spoilt produce, but rather good quality, yet not meeting the size/weight mark, eg. grade C tilapia weight around 400g = still tasty, but fetches very low prices.

This post has been edited by Michael J.: Jul 4 2012, 10:35 AM

A guy with 0% knowledge in agriculture here! My friend have two parcel of 5 acre land in Seremban. We are planning to venture into agriculture but don't know how and what to do about it. It was his family land anyway. 5 years was given for trials.

which part of seremban is your land in ??

what's your time & money committment to this venture ?

MJ, it's always so inspiring chatting with you.
Speaking of sweet potatoes, my sweet potatoes patch had dried up due to the long dry spell. Don't think I can do any harvest for this Raya.

Yes, value added & break bulk is a good strategy. 2 months back bought wholesale 1 1/2 ton of ginger, prices tumbled due to bumper harvest. After we graded the ginger, the A sold to market wholesaler & retailer, B sold to Restaurant and C sold off as seeds (kept half for our new planting).
Even rejects (not spoiled products) can be sold. Reject like even shapes, slight insect bites & etc, can be sold to village market (of course like MJ mentioned, low price). Rejects can also be used as animal feed.

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Added on July 4, 2012, 7:46 pmWelcome jameslionhart.
I too was at 0% 2 years back. Now I'm at maybe 3% No worries, you shall get by if you put effort into it. Anyway, you have your friend to help too. Two heads are always better than 1. Also lots of forumer here with vast experience.
Would suggest you get to know the land first. Check out the land, check and confirm the boundary (get a copy of the land title and location map) with land office. While surveying the land, if it's no cleared land, do note all the wild plants /trees in the land. Check out the access roads. You mentioned two parcel, check out the location between them (logistic).
Then sit down with your friend to have a long discussion about your plans, target , expectation, responsibility etc. Do pen down the final discussion. Most importantly, knows what you both are getting into. You may also want to devise a back up exit plan, just in case you need to cut lost.

Also you are lucky to have 5 years as trial. When I took over the farm (my ex-partner resigned with 3 day's notice), I only gave it a 5 months period (Oct 2011 till Feb 2012) to see if we (helper & me) have the potential to arrest the negative cash flow.

But then if it is on a non commercial basis, then things are much simpler, just clear land and plant as your heart wishes. Good luck. Do keep us updated on your progress.
Clearing land, high gradient.



This post has been edited by MrFarmer: Jul 4 2012, 07:46 PM

Somewhere near Port Dickson, basically we guys have a lot of time and very low/limited resources. LoL, was looking into option and suggestion. Didn't really know anything about fruits, vege or livestock.

This post has been edited by jameslionhart: Jul 5 2012, 03:40 AM

Hi Bro,

wow that's near. i am located in Mantin.

if you are looking for cash flow and then re-investing later into the land.

i would suggest for short term you plant a mixture of Banana + Papaya (fruit less than 1 year), then mid to long term crop would be jackfruit (2-3 years only fruit) or Durian (5-7 years only fruit)

There is a farmer near Raub whom planted 4 acres. His production per week is 18 tonnes. which is a crazy amount....

So roughly how much to start up boss?

Just to share.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=playe...d&v=SCW22p-huHw

So anyone doing chicken ?

Mr Farmer:

This is a very inspiring and interesting clip. Thank you for sharing with all of us.

Just like DQ Farm has shown, chicken farming can be integrated with fruit tree farming, goat farming, and even organic fertilizer production. On a 1 acre site, you can easily raise 800 chickens and more alongside your fruit trees like durians, banana, and mangoes.

Some calculations for a 1 acre integrated durian farm:

46 durian trees
800 chickens + pens and egg pens
8 goats + 200sqft composting shed

You may add in water collection troughs around your land borders, and put up a pump house, and even rear some fish in those troughs/canals.

Anyway, some economics on the above upon farm maturity:
Durians: Average 100 fruits per tree a year @ 1.5kg @ RM4/kg = RM27,600
Chickens: Assume 620 chickens @ 1.5kg per bird @ RM15/kg = RM13,950
Eggs: Assume 180 layers @ 1 egg per day @ 365 @ RM0.40 each = RM26,280
Goat: Assume 1 Male + 3 Females will produce 4 kids a year @ 40kg per kid at maturity @ RM15 per kg = RM2,400
Compost: Assume 2,560kg a year @ RM2 per kg = RM5,120
Earthworms: Would mostly be used to supplement chicken feed. = RM0

Grand Total = RM75,350 in revenue
Nett (Assume 30% profit) = RM22,605

Now remember about what I said about value adding? If you only value added 30% of your produce, you'd get this:
30% of RM75,350 = RM22,605
Value Addition Factor (Food based) = 2.35 = RM53,121
Grand total = RM105,866
Nett (Assume @ 30%) = RM31,759

Do bear in mind I only assumed 30% nett profit; the value adding part can have broader margins up to 40% or more, depending on what kind of value adding is done, and in what way it is done.

So as you can see, smallholding isn't a "poor-man's business". The main challenge is of course finding the right market, and tackling the "quantity over quality" mentality.

But the potentials are high. Just take chicken for instance. If you could just capture 0.001% of the domestic chicken market and sell as free range, you're looking at 9,800kg production a year @ RM15/kg, or RM147,000 revenue a year. If you can do free range chicken eggs production with just 20% of those chickens, you're looking at adding almost RM200,000 extra to the pot. And yes, free range chicken eggs are expensive; supermarkets here sell them at about RM0.45 each, while wetmarkets sell at RM0.40 each.




Edited 6/7/2012:

Can't remember if I had uploaded this before, but here it is anyway.
Cultivation of Banana and Plantains in the South Pacific

This post has been edited by Michael J.: Jul 6 2012, 04:45 PM

I think integrating chicken with the farm should be encouraged as this can be started independently from the plants. Low start-up capital. Turn around time is also not that long. Feeding cost is minimal as we can feed them with the rejects. It shall create some supplement income while waiting for farm to mature. It helps fertilizing the plants. This can also be continued even after plants had matured as it is not affected by the canopy.


Had just restart my stalled chicken project after much consideration. Have 1 cock & 7 hens at the moment. It'll take a long time before hitting 800 . Anyway just targeting 50 in the short term.

Problem with these Malay Village Chicken, they are very violent & territorial. I think these could be from the fighting breed. Already had 2 dead (1 cock & 1 hen) within the first week. Planning to build mini colony of maybe 50 to 100 strong each. Another problem is that they wonder quite a distance from their coop, hence limiting the number of colonies. Anyway, shall try to sort this at a later stage. Good news is that they are already laying eggs.

Am thinking of ways to improve their coop, to make it more pleasing to them. Happy chickens breed faster.

One thing I've learned in farming, don't even count your chicks, even after they had hatched