Strategic Weapons Review: 9K52 Luna-M (NATO: FROG-7)
The 9K52 Luna-M (Russian: Луна; English: moon) is a Soviet short-range artillery rocket system. The 9M21 rockets are unguided and spin-stabilized. Its GRAU designation is 9K52, and its NATO reporting name is FROG-7. "FROG" is an acronym for "Free Rocket Over Ground".
The 9M21 rockets are mounted on a wheeled 9P113 transporter erector launcher (TEL) based on the ZIL-135 8x8 army truck. The TEL features a large hydraulic crane used for reloading rockets from 9T29 transporters (also ZIL-135 based). The 9M21 has a range up to 70 km and a CEP (circular error probable) between 500 m and 700 m. The rocket has different designations for each type of warhead installed: 9M21B (5-20kt nuclear warhead), 9M21G (VX chemical warhead) and 9M21F (450 kg HE warhead or cluster bomb dispenser).
The Luna was later extensively deployed throughout Soviet satellite states. The rocket has been widely exported and is now in the possession of a large number of countries. The Luna-M missile and its variants has shown to have incredible longevity and are still in service, with the rocket itself being easily maintained and has a long shelf life, especially among military forces in the middle east such as Egypt and Iran.
During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, in the Battle of the Karbala Gap, the Headquarters of the 2nd Brigade, US 3rd Infantry Division, Tactical Operations Center (TOC) of U.S Col. David Perkins, was targeted and struck by either an Iraqi FROG-7 rocket or an Ababil-100 SSM missile, killing three soldiers and two embedded journalists. Another 14 soldiers were injured, and 22 vehicles destroyed or seriously damaged, most of them Humvees. Luna-M rockets also saw use in the Yugoslav civil wars, with Serbia using them to target major Bosnian and Croatian cities.