Root, Custom Roms and KernelsRoot?
FAQ
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1,Q:Does root valid warranty?
A:Yes, if u gonna send to SC and so far no heard any news on Samsung SC reject rooted devices to do so
please flash back everything before u go for 'ICU' for Sammy SC
2, Q:after root have any changes at the phone?
A:Yes,Kernel, CSC,Baseband,Firmware,Rest of da' Roms and Recovery [After rooted]
and except the hardwares..!
3, Q:what is root?[IMPORTANT TO READ]
A:cut the crap and i talk shortly
Root is u get the permission on the phone that u can access to your device
LIKE A BOSS and it's NEVER change your phone in other way , they 'OPENS THE DOOR' to magic.
NOTHING IS CHANGED!
4.Q:Root will bricked my phone?
A:NO n the higher chance to hard brick the phone, flashing custom rom w/o proper way..
and the root will increase the binary counter
5. About AOSP, [Android Open Source Project], differences and Touchwiz UI by Samsung and etc
» Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... «
Very very briefly, you have 2 classes of ROMs for Android devices in general. One is based on stock ROMs for the device (TouchWiz in the case of Samsung), the other is based on Google's AOSP (Android Open Source Project).
TW (short for TouchWiz) based custom ROMs usually retain and ENHANCE the available stock apps, and give you some extra features like being able to control CPU speed, screen color values, switch DPI etc. They are also known as "cooked" ROMs, and the authors are called "chefs".
You usually get all the Samsung stuff available, unless it's a "slimmed" ROM where the chef has cut out what they feel is unnecessary.
AOSP ROMs, since they are from the freely available Google sources, can be recompiled by developers and features added, optimized or subtracted depending on the philosophy of the dev team. These are "compiled" ROMs and the developers are called developers, not chefs.
AOSP ROMS do not contain the Samsung specific features of TouchWiz like S-View or whatever "S-something" app bundled by Samsung, but since this is Android, there are either replacements or close equivalents of the same apps on the Play Store.
Note that even if you use AOSP, you DO NOT lose the S-pen function, only the S-applications that use it. Any other drawing app can still use the S-Pen.
It's all a personal preference and getting used to a specific ROM type's features. See post 9, the sifus there all use a wide variety of ROMs, and the "flashoholics" change ROMs as often as they, um, make their beds I suppose.
Choice is the key word of Android.
One thing to note, is the S-Note app. It is a fantastic piece of software from Samsung, but unfortunately it only works on the Note family. This is a form of lock in. To avoid this, I recommend HandyNote Pro or others here may recommend other S-pen note taking apps.
Ok hope that was a sufficient introduction.
- Credits to
Joytest at his N2 thread reply

How to Root?
ROOT for I9500
1.
using adam kernel to flash via ODIN 
2.
CF- DONE AUTO ROOT FOR Octa-Core thanks to
gmhafizROOT FOR I9505
1.
Adam Kernel for I9505 and flash it via ODIN2.
AUTOROOT by ChainfireCustom Roms?» Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... «
For
I9500, Octa Core » Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... «
For
I9505 » Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... «
Kernel?» Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... «
OCTA
» Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... «
LTE
» Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... «
Flash Tools?
TWRP 2.5 For I9500 TWRP 2.5 For I9505 CWM v6 Phliz Edition For I9500*
CWM v6 Advanced Edition for I9505*
CWM v6 Touch For I9500*
Odin [V3.04 or v {1.85 is recommended by
Benny888}
BRICKED ur devices , please refer
my blogs for the flasing back ur stock rom!
*For OFFCIAL UPDATES*
Minor Updates 1st. Files size= 43.26Mb... Improve the stablilty
Major Updates 1st. Files Size =366Mb Improves camera issue, HDR mode, and more...

forgot
-if my job is not satisfied, u can drop a post to me for corrections

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This post has been edited by mudkipryan94: Aug 3 2013, 07:49 AM