QUOTE(kobe8byrant @ Dec 13 2011, 07:30 PM)
Hi dariofoo, got several questions here:
1.
what's the major diff between an individual and master title?
why have a master title and not go straight for individual title?
what are the concerns for buyers of houses under master title?
2.
are there any major difference between final and qualified title apart from the fact that qualified title does not allow partitions?
3.
why for individual title require open/closed charge while without require DOA and PA?
4.
mind sharing the difference between the four types of caveats. I'm very blur on it.
Thanks
1. Master title is basically a huge title owned by the developer (or landowner who JVs with the dev) which has yet to be submitted for subdivision into indiv/strata title after the completion of the housing development. Sometimes it is also known as block title.
Indiv title is basically the one particular title which identifies the individual unit in a housing development. For high-rise, it is known as strata title, but basically it is an individual title.
Why Master Title and not straight? Well, for strata title, the dev can only apply for it once the high-rise has been completed. If normal indiv title (eg for a terrace-house project), some developers apply for subdivision early and offer indiv title as part of the package. Some don't, and wait til they reap the profits from the sale. Perhaps because it is expensive to subdivide, or perhaps they haven't settled their loan with their end-financier, hence the master title is still encumbered.
2. No major differences. No partitions or subdivision. The boundaries are also not final (like duh!).
3. Because if it is Master Title, the unit owner is not the registered proprietor of the master title. Hence, the bank can only create the DOA as security for the loan granted to the unit owner. The DOA basically denotes assignment of beneficial ownership of the unit to the bank. The sequence of the DOA goes on and on for every subsale, and the owner must keep the trail of DOAs all the way to show that beneficial ownership has been assigned to him properly.
If individual title, the unit owner is the registered proprietor. Hence, the unit owner can agree to charge the property in favour of the bank as security for the loan. The owner is the chargor and the bank is the chargee.
4. Four types of caveats:
a) Private Caveat (PC)
The most common type of caveat. Any tom,d*** and harry with a caveatable interest can lodge a PC upon a property. Once a PC is lodged, it restricts any dealings upon the property. Most common intent is to prevent transfer to another party. You have caveatable interest like when you put in 10% down payment when executing a SPA. A PC can last for max 6 years.
A PC can be easily removed by the registered proprietor. An application to remove is made, notice is given to the person who entered the caveat, and within 2 months, if no just cause is given why the caveat ought to remain, it is automatically removed. The registered prop can also sue that person for compensation.
b) Registrar's Caveat (RC)
This is a caveat which the registrar or land administrator can lodge upon the property. Effect is the same as PC, but it is more 'powerful' because it also restrains dealings which have been presented for registration but not yet registered. So, it can be back-dated to even stop dealings which have been presented. A PC cannot restrain a dealing which has been presented.
More often than not, RCs are applied for by the govt to restrain debtors who owe the govt from transferring their property and defeating the govt's claim against them.
I've also heard of landowners who are victims of fraud apply to lodge a RC to protect their interests while they pursue legal action against the fraudulent party. In that case, the transfer was presented for registration but not yet registered. If by way of PC, it cannot be prevented from being registered. However, the RC can do so. Thus, the alleged fraudulent transfer could not go through and would still be pending.
The 6 years limit does not apply to RCs. It lasts as long as the Registrar does not remove it - or until an application by the registered proprietor, or a Court order is issued to compel its removal.
c) Lien-holder's caveat.
In the old days, when banks didn't want to go through creating a charge over the property and when there were no lenghty facility/loan documentation, a person can deposit his original title (called an IDT) with the bank, who will in turn grant him a loan. The bank can then apply to lodge a lien-holder's caveat over the property to secure its interest. If the borrower defaults, the lien-holder can go for an order for sale. This type of caveat is, however, very hardly used these days.
d) Trust caveat.
Basically to protect the rights of trustees and beneficiaries of property given to them pursuant to a trust. Once again, it is hardly used due to one condition - it can only be removed with the consent of both trustees AND beneficiaries. That may be cumbersome, as it is not easy to gather everyone around just for that. As such, most beneficiaries would just lodge a private caveat over the property in the interim. It serves the same purpose, and they can just withdraw it on their own accord when they wish to, without the need to refer to the trustee.
Hope the above explanation helps.