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X10A Freedom
post Oct 12 2005, 09:43 PM

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EE student, but more into digital systems and VHDL/Verilog programming

anyways charge-n-go, i suggest adding registers on the input and output if you're gonna implement this on a real board(or FPGA for the matter) unless this is just a theoratical(gate level + simulation) assignment and nothing more

p/s: anyone heard of Viterbi decoder or Convolutional Coding Encoder? got tough time understanding it...

This post has been edited by X10A Freedom: Oct 12 2005, 09:47 PM
X10A Freedom
post Oct 13 2005, 09:46 AM

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QUOTE(nerd nation @ Oct 12 2005, 10:16 PM)

btw, anyone familiars with discreet signal processing?
*
isn't this under Digital Signal Processing topic? only know a bit(coz it's not part of my module tongue.gif)
X10A Freedom
post Oct 13 2005, 05:40 PM

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QUOTE(charge-n-go @ Oct 13 2005, 11:35 AM)
lol, i got it now.

anyway, which adder do u think is more appropriate for my design.

8-bit Adder, might be expand to 16-bit or 32-bit in the future. Need to have a balance of power, die size and performance.

Currenly I'm using 2x 4-bit CLA ripple together to be an 8-bit one. I'm not sure if it is efficient enough when scale up to 32-bit.

I have 2 more choices : Carry Select Adder & 1 level CLA.

So which do u think is a better approach?
btw, I still have no idea to start designing a carry select adder, hahaha. Need to figure it out by today.
*
if i recall properly(kinda rusty a bit thx to those superb EDA tools that help u do the work), people normally use carry select in small scale(4 to 8 bits) and use CLA to cascade/expand to bigger word size(it's kinda optimized between speed and size)
don't bother about the input gates first, coz for me, i'll derive out the gates and switch all of them to NAND gate(or NOR, can be done using EDA tools). coz if you use too much different gates(AND, OR, NOR, NOT) together, you incur much higher cost(imagine the amount of ICs u need to use)

This post has been edited by X10A Freedom: Oct 13 2005, 05:41 PM
X10A Freedom
post Oct 13 2005, 08:47 PM

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QUOTE(draggy @ Oct 13 2005, 06:36 PM)
my fav e&e forum:

CODE

www.edaboard.com


all your needs is there
*
sweet, i didn't know there's such forum

QUOTE(charge-n-go @ Oct 13 2005, 07:36 PM)
alrites, thanx for your advice biggrin.gif
I think it's bcoz each IC have an array of same gates, so if we mix the gates, we need a few ICs to construct a circuit. Besides, from one of the book i borrowed from library (not with me now), it says the NAND and NOR gate has lower latency compare to AND, OR and XOR. Well, all these is based on IC design, not sure about FPGA thou.

Thanx draggy for the info, and Ash, u can ask the question here as long as it's related to engineering smile.gif
*
if i recall correctly, FPGA are kinda different, coz they're using programmable array to do the job and normally they mix OR and AND gates
if you want to learn more about the internal structures of FPGA, Xilinx Foundation series would be the best way to learn it(since it's layout editor shows you the FPGA internal contructions)
but i think your uni should be under Altera University program, so using a Xilinx would be quite out of the question(unless your uni still have some Xilinx board)

QUOTE(charge-n-go @ Oct 13 2005, 07:43 PM)
Well, that's new info to me biggrin.gif

Anyway, do you know how many transistors in AND, OR, NOT and XOR?
Do u know of any good websites about all these things.?  notworthy.gif
*
actually don't bother about learning all these first coz i'm sure u gonna learn it in your final year
but if you're really interested, you should take a look at books that are into IC design , they are really good coz they teach you how to change a Boolean expression from gate level to transistor level then to mask level
the basic idea is that it always consist of pull-up network(p-type transistor) and pull-down network(n-type transistor)

X10A Freedom
post Oct 14 2005, 12:19 AM

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QUOTE(charge-n-go @ Oct 13 2005, 11:34 PM)
I have another question about the gates.

May i know isit possible to have 5 input per gate? I'm afraid of fan-in problem, bcoz from the book "Princilples of Digital Design' by Daniel Gajski, i see the max of 4 input gates only, don't have 5 input one.

btw, I'm gonna simulate using Altera MaxPlus II, dunno if it support FPGA or not. Sorry for the noob question bcoz I m self learning VHDL and simulator and kinda blur now. Thanx !
*
i think how many input doesn't really matter.......not too sure about that

MaxPlus 2 does support FPGA, but not all
your uni should be using the flex10k chip on the UP2 board right? if it's that then no problem
if you're using Stratix 2, u might need Quartus 2
actually if you're modelling your circuit in MaxPlus2, u don't have to worry about those fan-in problem
the only problem you have to worry is your coding style
at certain times, different coding style might give you certain delays.......

of course, if you want to be slightly lazy, u can try use HDL Designer(Mentor Graphics software) to create the block structure first, then use it to convert into Verilog or VHDL, save some time to write those redundant port maps and entities
XD
X10A Freedom
post Oct 14 2005, 05:20 PM

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QUOTE(charge-n-go @ Oct 14 2005, 12:35 AM)
erm... actually i mean 5 input per gate tongue.gif
Nope, sorry I've no idea on that. I only know a bit of MaxPlus II laugh.gif
Hmm... thanx for the tips  thumbup.gif

btw, can i count the delay using conventional way? For example, 2 leg NAND gate has 4ns delay (from the same book mentioned above) and 2 leg AND gate has 6ns. So in FPGA, do the gates having the same delay regardless of the type?

Well, actually i'm using hand drawn (using corel draw actually) to draw out all the gate circuit design, then I'll write the VHDL (using architecture behaviour) in MaxPlus 2. Isit the same as what u meant using the Mentor graphic?
What kind of coding style is more efficient? Behavorial or architecture?
Edit : I have another doubts tongue.gif
If wanna save power when any of the functional unit is idle, can i js use clock gating? Any other implementation besides that? Thanx  notworthy.gif
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Mentor graphics(HDL designer) are different, their more on graphical implementation isntead of writing codes(though you still need to write a bit for certain systems)
yes, i think you can use the conventional way to calculate delays(not sure which EDA tools will calculate it for you, never use those b4)
in FPGA, it has slightly different delays, it's not the same as delays in real devices
VHDL has 2 type, behavioral and structural modelling
there's no such universal preference on which is better, it depends on preference, for me if u ask me to design a circuit(let's say a Booth Multiplier) which i need to learn from scratch in a few months(make it 1-2 months), then i'll use behavioral
but if i have the actual data schematics with me since the start but not too sure how it really behaves, then i'll use structural
actually wat i mean by coding style is that how and where do you update your output/buffers. sometimes in certain codings, though it's right, but if you update your output/buffer slightly later(let's assume we update it after the process section), then delay might occur
but if you update it inside the process statements, then it'll have less delay
there are other problems too, but this will naturally be known to you when you encounter it

p/s: in writing port map section, i suggest you read how to use GENERATE statements, useful in writing port maps

QUOTE(kramuse @ Oct 14 2005, 08:18 AM)
Wow, designing logic gates using transistors ^^;; I just use the 74 series chips to solve my problems. Approaching final year EnE in Uniten. Anyone got ideas for a final year project? I have 2 in mind, hear me out
1. Maglev - Using magnets to levitate the train and an electromagnetic propulsion system
2. Flying Car - Using the same propulsion system, only vertically placed and much stronger. Problem is, power consumption will be tremendously high and I am not sure if it will work.

What you guys think? What did you all do for your final year project?
*
currently need to design a Viberti Decoder for my finals
finding hard time to get it's algorithm

QUOTE(witchhunter @ Oct 14 2005, 11:47 AM)
I tot MMU got offer VHDL? Under Digital Computer Design during Delta 3rd Trimester.

I am currently Computer Engineering 3rd year student. Dun really understand about those logic stuffs you all discuss about. Are they DSP? Cos I haven take DSP. In a few sem time will be. If you all discuss about microcontroller, maybe I can be of some help.

Btw, in MMU, our courses of Computer Engineering and EE are quite similar. We are called Electronics majoring in CE. WE have about only 5-8 subjects that are different. BUt I agree that subjects like Power Electronics, Digital Comm and Analog Comm are seems quite irrelevant. Don't really like those subjects.
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DSP? nah......DSP is even worse.....with all those Discrete Signal Processing theories, it'll be much difficult IMO, but of course, the implementation part is slightly easier(coz all you need is Simulink to do the donkey job)

QUOTE(ikanayam @ Oct 14 2005, 03:37 PM)
This is the 2nd year we're using 0.18um layout. Our fab is not that advanced i think. We're just doing advanced simulations on the final layout. We're using TSMC SCMOS18 design rules, so basically if we wanted to then we could send the final design to TSMC and get it manufactured.
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so basically you all only develop till the mask level right? but kinda nice for your uni to teach verilog. i need to learn by myself
X10A Freedom
post Oct 14 2005, 06:22 PM

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QUOTE(charge-n-go @ Oct 14 2005, 06:13 PM)
X10 Freedom, thanx for the info
Digital Computer Design has VHDL, but the lecturer didnt really teach, js go through damn quickly. He teaches mainly on the gate level design.

Power Electronics is important, bcoz u need the knowledge to construct power supply unit. Well, Analog Comm, Digital Comm, Intro to power system, Intro to machine and stuff like that is really useless. I hope they can include stuff like IC design and transistor level optimization like what others have told me here.
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actually you can't say Digital Comm is not important vice versa
i used to thought why do i have to study that when all i want to do in the future is just IC designer, but now, i need to design a decoder IC that is used for decoding signals from CDMA's, Satelite transimissions etc
they teach you all these so that in your final year, you're more prepare to do more things and not limited to certain topics(as you don't always get the topic you want)
anyways, transistor optimizations is a headache(all those formulas like IV curve etc and not so friendly PSPICE programs)
normally people have EDA tool that does the donkey job(people are always rushing againts time that's why they rather splash cash on those expensive EDA tools)
X10A Freedom
post Oct 15 2005, 09:05 PM

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draw in 3D? not too sure
but i know L-Edit can view all angles of the cross section on any mask layout
http://www.tanner.com/EDA/products/ledit/d...eet/default.htm
X10A Freedom
post Oct 20 2005, 05:56 PM

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anyone knows any EDA softwares that converts Verilog coding to Circuit layout(like logic gate layout of a system)?
X10A Freedom
post Oct 21 2005, 03:05 PM

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QUOTE(cafuheva @ Oct 20 2005, 09:33 PM)
Try TANNER EDA.
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you mean L-edit? isn't that a mask layout creator? and i thought it can only convert SPICE netlist to schematic layout form......
X10A Freedom
post Oct 27 2005, 05:23 PM

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QUOTE(martianunlimited @ Oct 26 2005, 11:11 PM)
I am an engineer in an MNC semicon company. my major is in telecommunications though, but i deal with IC design in my company.

p/s Farnell is freaking expensive. The only reason why i go there to buy anything is that it is not sold in Jalan Pasar. It's along Federal highway, and turn out somewhere before midvalley (jalan 222 if i am not mistaken)

I definately prefer Jalan Pasar or SS2, (near 1 road behind Burger Kings they actually have 8051 microcontrollers there...) to Farnell;
Of course you can always request for engineering samples from Maxim, or NS; they will actually mail them to you; just use your lecturer's name if you want a better chance of recieving the samples.

just O/T... why is this thread here? shouldn't it be in education or jobs?
*
hmm, IC design? since your major is in Telecommunications, mind if i ask you this
do you know how to implement a Viterbi Decoder into IC form? i don't want to know how to do it in a detail manner, but probably some concept on wat to do.....
X10A Freedom
post Oct 27 2005, 10:00 PM

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QUOTE(martianunlimited @ Oct 27 2005, 08:56 PM)
Haha. gimme a while need to look up what in the world is a veterbi decoder....
Okie, it's a transciever with encoder/decoder.  Sorry I am not involved with with these types of circuits. And i can't believe that i need to read up on trellis coding to remember how it works. Sigh that's what happens when you don't touch communication for a few years...

anyway I assume you already know the information here... http://www2.ing.puc.cl/~iee3552/TCM.PDF

Based on the block diagram here, This is what i will do, i will implement the decoder,  (and control blocks) in verilog/VHDL or systemC (your choice, just so that i can synthesize it and save myself time). You will have to blackbox the demodulator block; (allocate some space for your layout so that the place and route tool won't accidentally route around that area and cause problems with your routing later).
The circuit demodulator block will need to be designed by hand; from the diagram it appears that all the viterbi decoder need is the recieved data. so just send the recieved data; with a clock;  and the control block should be sending and recieving control signals to both the demodulator and the decoder.

After you have your demodulator circuit, then just draw the layout and connect it to the verilog synthesized portion.

(verilog for viterbi decoder: http://www-ee.eng.hawaii.edu/~msmith/ASICs...11/CH11.12.htm) I shouldn't be doing this but i wanted to verify whether or not the decoder is really synthesizable

Side note: regarding your question to convert verilog to schematic, most synthesis tools, and formal verification tools should have that capability (some accepts only synthesized verilog so you may need to do just that)

Just curious is this wired or wireless? It's possible to build an antenna on a chip, but i have no idea how it's done.
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haha, probably should have stated my question properly, how do you model a Viterbi decoder in terms functional block(like general idea in modelling the branch metric unit etc) tongue.gif but anyways, don't think u might remember back since u haven't been touching this for some time
coz i realize to implement the algorithm/trellis diagram in terms of hardware is kinda headache......
i already know the process that you mentioned to me(coz my supervisor did brief me on a brief process flow), thanks anyways
anyways, mind telling me wat synthesis tools is that? coz our college don't seem to have that tool(unless our supervisor doesn't want us to use)
actually currently i'm avoiding the black box process and try to model it using functional block immediately, that way i can model the schematic form much more easily

p/s: i only need to model out the IC, doesn't matter whether it's wired or wireless
but the algorithm i'm using is similar to those used in WCDMA
the link you posted won't be any help to me coz i'm using hard decision decoding and a convolutional length of 7(which makes it 64 states sweat.gif)

This post has been edited by X10A Freedom: Oct 27 2005, 10:17 PM
X10A Freedom
post Oct 27 2005, 11:01 PM

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hehe, still, as i said, it's pretty useless coz the link u provided is using soft-decision method which includes quatizations etc
for hard-decision method, it's much more direct but currently still figuring out how to implement it
so far i've been thinking of using ROMs to determine the branch metrics since it's pretty much set throughout the whole process.......for the ACS, still thinking
Mentor Graphics's Precision Synthesis Tool? hmmm........interesting.......does it synthesis in terms of blocks or the circuit schemetic(like logic circuits)?
X10A Freedom
post Oct 27 2005, 11:14 PM

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QUOTE(martianunlimited @ Oct 27 2005, 11:10 PM)
Synthesis tools basically converts verilog statements and equations to logic gates/flops (so the answer is yes..)
*
oh, thanks for the info
looks like i have 1 thing less to worry
XD
X10A Freedom
post Nov 3 2005, 06:08 PM

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anyone here know how JTAG works and all? if better u have the pdf files for the actual IEEE specifications
don't ask me to google it as it's impossible
unless someone from edaboards.com can give me coz my points are kinda limited tongue.gif
X10A Freedom
post Nov 7 2005, 11:08 PM

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QUOTE(ikanayam @ Nov 7 2005, 11:19 AM)
I am using tools, i can use them by connecting to my school servers and redirecting the output to my computer. Currently using Cadence icfb tools, but i've also used Primetime and Rulebase and some other stuff over the previous semesters. Primetime is very handy for calculating critical paths.

I have included modules from a file with rise and fall times of the gates which i was allowed to use for my projects last semester. The numbers in the brackets (rise, fall) are what you want to look at. Maybe you can use them as a reference.

........
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hmm, seems like u specify it in verilog file, don't think u can do it for vhdl(very back end unfriendly)
anyways, just some question
when u model a jk ff in verilog form, normally if we use if else statement, we'll have 2 variables to specify
currently i'm using
CODE

if({j,k}=1)
q=~q

the thing i want to ask is that is there any other method other than using {j,k} method?
oh ya, can your eda tool support elsif statements? mine can't even though in the manual it said that it supported this standard
seems like only else if statement works instead of elsif
QUOTE(charge-n-go @ Nov 7 2005, 12:48 PM)
omg.. then I'm having big problem in deciding the delay, hahaha.

Well, trying to use VHDL and Max Plus 2 to determine, dunno if this method can work or not. Yesterday I've done, but the input and output seems to occur at the same time LOL.
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if i recall correctly, maxplus 2 can't do timing analysis, that's why your timing is ideal because the tool itself runs under ideal condition
normally u'll need quartus 2
but quartus 2 can't really do much

p/s: if u want to look for eda tools
use emule.........sometimes u might just hit the jackpot
got a few from there.......but don't think u can find timing analysis tools from there.....normally u can only find certain mentor graphics stuff
X10A Freedom
post Nov 16 2005, 06:02 PM

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Viterbi Decoder
Turbo Decoder
Booth Multiplier
Carry Enhanced Multiplier(don't think u can google it)
DRAM(i think this is pretty easy, just the controller part might be otherwise)

This post has been edited by X10A Freedom: Nov 16 2005, 06:06 PM
X10A Freedom
post Nov 16 2005, 08:23 PM

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QUOTE(ikanayam @ Nov 16 2005, 06:34 PM)
Nah, i'm a digital guy, i'm not into analog stuff. And we are not allowed to use synthesis tools anyway, it's all full custom layout. Well i still have 2 months more to think about what i want to do, and i want to win, so i'll really have to think it through.
*
in this competition, you'll be judge based on wat? how useful your IC is? or how innovative it is? or other requirement?
X10A Freedom
post Dec 3 2005, 10:45 PM

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QUOTE(charge-n-go @ Dec 3 2005, 09:59 AM)
lol, i was so blur to notice last nite tongue.gif
btw, i'm using a NAND b NAND l3 at 1st, but the NAND syntax doesnt allow me to do so, and the compiler asked me to put into bracket form.
thanx for your long feedback biggrin.gif
anyway, i think my de morgan should be ok (pls refer to the diagram attached). I've tested with a set of input and it is identical to the original AND-OR. Maybe i should try your method as quoted above wink.gif
Hmm... how about building custom gate with vhdl tongue.gif
maybe i'll js define NAND3 component with this function:
output <= NOT (x AND y AND z);

well, fishy, we not only celebrate here if u win, but oso in the pizza  thumbup.gif
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from the bold sentence, this is due to the fact maxplus 2 doesn't have NAND3
it only has NAND2
theoratically(based on the actual standard), it should be supported......but u know, they done this to suite their hardware requirement, that's why sometimes people prefer to use hdl designer and modelsim to do their simulation because these tools are created to support the standard(and not like Altera etc which build the software to support their hardware)
building custom gates? i don't think it's possible with vhdl........unless they allow you to do UDP(User Defined Primitives) which so far MaxPlus2 isn't supported(and i think vhdl doesn't have these, only Verilog as far as i know)

QUOTE(charge-n-go @ Dec 3 2005, 10:51 AM)
btw, wat is "Quin-McClusky", hahaha.

Here is the comparison of this design and the mux approach.
*
better alternative to k-map
but i always use multisim to simplify my design(yah, i'm lazy), that software uses QM method

QUOTE(martianunlimited @ Dec 3 2005, 11:36 AM)
Quine McCluskey (I can never spell that properly, hence i keep using the name QM) is a reduction technique to reduce the logic to a SOP (sum of products). QM gives most benefit when you are dealing with a lot of outputs (eg. BCD convertor, LCD interface), otherwise K-Map would be easier (i suggested QM because you have 6 inputs, and it's not easy to build a 6 input K-Map)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine-McCluskey_algorithm
(Using QM on my digital clock circuit got me a A+ for "digital logic and design") tongue.gif (i didn't know that there was a 2 digit decimal->BCD then a BCD->LCD convertor and i actually did a 6 bit binary number -> LCD (14 outputs.. VERY painful to reduce... (especially for the LCD for the first digit)
*
actually, QM is more suited for odd number variable, if it's even number, k-map is easier, but no matter what, it's not as accurate as QM(k-map needs more practice to grasp the correct method, while QM is tedious, but more easier to pick up and highly accurate)



p/s: anyone modelled a RAM using Verilog b4? mine seems to have problem(minor delay when combined with the controller)

dual-port RAM
CODE

module ram_test4(data_out, data_in, r_add, w_add, clk, write_en, read_en);
output[5:0] data_out;  //data output for read signal
input[5:0] r_add, w_add;  //read and write address
input[5:0] data_in;   //data input to be written to RAM
input clk, write_en, read_en;    //enable write option

reg[5:0] mem[35:1];

assign data_out = read_en? mem[r_add]:5'bz;

always@(posedge write_en)
begin
if(write_en)
mem[w_add]<=data_in;
else
mem[w_add]<=mem[w_add];
end

endmodule


write controller
CODE

module write_control3(en_write1, en_write2, w_add, clk, reset, en);
output[5:0] w_add;
output en_write1, en_write2;
input clk, reset, en;

reg[6:0] count;
reg[5:0] w_add;
reg en_write1, en_write2;

always@(posedge reset or posedge clk)
begin
if(reset)
 count<=7'b0;

else if(~en)
 count <= count;

else if(count<35 && en==1)
 count <= count + 1;

else if(count<70 && en==1)
 count <= count + 1;

else if(count>69 && en==1)
 count <= 7'b1;
end

always@(en or clk)
begin
if(count<36)
begin
 w_add <= count[5:0];
 en_write1 <= en;
 en_write2 <= 1'b0;
end
else if(count<71)
begin
 w_add <= count[5:0]-35;
 en_write1 <= 1'b0;
 en_write2 <= en;
end
end
endmodule


read control
CODE

module read_control2(en_read1, en_read2, r_add, clk, reset, en);
output[5:0] r_add;
output en_read1, en_read2;
input clk, reset, en;

reg[6:0] count;
reg[5:0] r_add;
reg en_read1, en_read2;

always@(posedge reset or posedge clk)
begin
if(reset)
 count<=7'b0;

else if(~en)
begin
 count <= count;
 en_read1 <= 1'b0;
 en_read2 <= 1'b0;

 
end
else if(count<35 && en==1)
begin
 count <= count + 1;
 en_read1 <= 1'b1;
 en_read2 <= 1'b0;

end
else if(count<70 && en==1)
begin
 count <= count + 1;
 en_read1 <= 1'b0;
 en_read2 <= 1'b1;  

end
else if(count>69 && en==1)
 count <= 7'b1;
end

always@(en)
begin
if(count<36)
begin
 r_add <= 36 - count[5:0];

end
else if(count<71)
begin
 r_add <= 71 - count[5:0];

end
end
endmodule


problem with the simulation is that it supposed to store data 0-34
but upon reading out the data, it stored 1-35 doh.gif
i was wondering if there's a solution to it

This post has been edited by X10A Freedom: Dec 3 2005, 11:07 PM
X10A Freedom
post Dec 4 2005, 12:34 AM

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QUOTE(ikanayam @ Dec 4 2005, 12:01 AM)
Could it be because of what i highlighted? or you really meant it to be that way? (too lazy to read the entire thing tongue.gif )
*
it was meant to be this way
but it might be it, i haven't check that though
the reason i make it that way coz the write controller(it's actually a counter) always starts from 1 when it receices a posedge(which means you'll never get a 0 at posedge)
and i make the write address to be the same as the counter
therefore i made the mem depth to 35:1 instead of 34:0

QUOTE(jinaun @ Dec 4 2005, 12:24 AM)
emm.. 1 noob question here..

you guys uses programming languages to design dies physically?

how does it gets from codes on screen to gates/transistors level on silicon?
*
use synthesis tools
but u're code needs to be in RTL form instead of behavioral form since synthesis tool cannot synthesize behavioral coding
traditional method is to convert it manually(that means u have to know the logic circuit based on the codes and then convert it to transistor level)

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