QUOTE(SKY 1809 @ Nov 7 2010, 01:13 AM)
I do not know who invented the theory of " Discounted Cash Flow".
For me , at best it should be called " Assumed Income Flow"
In today world, incomes could not as easily classified as CASH. The Dubai crisis and even bank mini bonds went bust. Perhaps , QE 2 may bring back Incomes closer to CASH, but still not very right to assume Incomes = Cash.
IF you are the traditional Chinese businessmen, DCF is nonsense because it has nothing to do with CASH, at best a promise to receive CASH sometimes in future dates.
To the laymen, the word DCF is grossly misleading . Otherwise incomes in IOU could be termed as CASH.
In Malaysia, you can easily find construction contracts to do, but the chances of not receiving payments or so called HARD CASH is very high or a long delay is highly possible. You may have a good DCF model here, but ..........looks good on papers only. No HARD CASH is coming in.
BTW, Cashflow is neither profit as well. " Discounted" sounds confusing to Accountants too.
Using DCF, Malaysia could build another 10 100th floor Towers perhaps, but where is the real cash to come from ?
And there would not be any Dubai Crisis at all.
Just my view.
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Discounted cash flow models are powerful, but they do have shortcomings. DCF is merely a mechanical valuation tool, which makes it subject to the axiom "garbage in, garbage out". Small changes in inputs can result in large changes in the value of a company. Instead of trying to project the cash flows to infinity, terminal value techniques are often used. A simple annuity is used to estimate the terminal value past 10 years, for example. This is done because it is
harder to come to a realistic estimate of the cash flows as time goes on.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dcf.aspI think you may have misunderstood the difference between Discounted Cash Flow and Discounted Residual Income. I think the DCF model you talk about is actually a discounted residual income model. Yes, I agree with you on the discounted residual income model. Discounted residual income model is a bunch of BS created by accountants who thought that accounting numbers is good representation of actual economic condition.
Discouted Cash Flow model is basically a model which discount the expected CASH FLOW, that's hard solid cash. It takes into account of capital expenditure and working capital requirement. Underlying the model is a simple assumption that a business is worth only as much as the cash that it can generate, which is very sensible.
As we are buying equities without control, as Kinwing have mentioned previously, we can adjust that using a discounted dividend model (a subset of discounted cash flow) instead. But, that would probably undervalue the company. But, you can compensate that by doing a discounted cash flow to equity model. The fair value, should be within the range of two values.
There are complications involve when using DCF to value young and high growth firms because cash flow projection is difficult. But, even if you use multiples such as PE and you whack an industry PE into the high growth firm, you are implicitly assuming that the company, will become like the mature players in the industry in the long run and earn that sort of cash flow that a mature player earns. So, you are basically doing some forward looking assumption without realising it. If you use historical PE, you may be assuming that the past performance can repeat itself. It is just that when you use multiples, these assumption are implicit. In DCF, the assumption is explicit.
There are various shortcomings in DCF model assumption. The problem is not the model itself but the problem lies in the inconsistencies in applying the assumption. For example, the capital expenditure assumption must tie back with the growth assumption. You can't assume that the growth is 30% a year with minimal CAPEX. Another possible error is the terminal value growth rate, some analyst whack a very high growth rate into their terminal value. What's their justification? Cause the industry grow at 5% for 30 years, so, I think a 4% growth rate is possible for terminal value. But, terminal value is a valuation to an infinite years. What is 30 years when compared to infinite amount of years. By whacking a 4% growth, the company theoritically at one point of time will be bigger than the entire output of the world because the world do not grow so fast.
There are flaws in every valuation model, be it multiples or dcf, I think the best way is to use a combination of both. Check with various technique.
Plus, for those who like to read analyst report for TP, always find out how they come up with it. Even some big foreign banks TP have some real inconsistency problem which result in an above average target price.
Just my two cents.
This post has been edited by the snowball: Nov 7 2010, 12:07 PM