To put it simply yes.You can go and do a PhD if you have a First class or or certain unis also allow Second Class Upper too go into PhD programs.But yeah there are a lot more factors that is needed to be considered to get you into a PhD program your Honours degree is just one of the requirements ^^

No in most courses except for certain ones where theoretical knowledge is of a great importance like accounting,IT etc the employer would usually employ the person who can convince then that they can help the company profit by performing well in the interviews and showing their relevant non academic achievements and strong leadership skills.In most cases once you get called to an interview, your academic transcripts no longer interest the employer as they already look through those before deciding who to call for interviews and they will make their decision based on how well you can impress,stand out and convince them there.

Different countries and different universities might have different ways of awarding and categorizing an Honours degree.The most common system around is the UK system.

What makes you say their Degrees are not Honours degrees?

Most of their Degrees are Ijazah Sarjana Muda Kepujian, which is an Honours Degree.Go and check the JPA website.

A 4 year Aussie degree like BPharm unlike 3 year degrees like business etc. has automatic honours like UK Degrees.

ask the university directly, most probably yes it'll apply to credit transfer students as well.