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 [FAQ] Which Distro?, Fedora, Mandrake, Gentoo, SUSE, etc.

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scorps
post Nov 3 2008, 10:05 AM

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Kenali Distro Linux

Linux adalah inti(kernel) sistem pengoperasian yang mirip Unix, tetapi untuk menjadikan ia persekitaran OS yg lengkap perlulah tools lain seperti pengkompil, cengkerang (shell), pengurus tetingkap (window manager) dan persekitaran desktop. Sebenarnya sistem pengoperasian ini sepatutnya dipanggil GNU/Linux, tetapi sudah menjadi kebiasaan untuk memanggilnya "Linux" sahaja.

Kita boleh membina sendiri persekitaran Linux sendiri dengan memuatturun kod sumber dari internet dan mengkompilnya sendiri (malah ada panduan untuk melakukan sedemikian di laman projek LFS - Linux From Scratch), tetapi ini memakan masa yang lama dan memerlukan kemahiran. Oleh itu, biasanya kita memasang Linux daripada koleksi yang telah dibuat oleh pihak lain, sama ada syarikat, organisasi atau individu. Koleksi perisian ini dipanggil "distribution" atau "distro" Linux.

Setiap distro akan mempunyai perisian tersendiri untuk memasang perisian yang dipanggil pengurus pakej. Antara cara pengurusan pakej yang popular ialah rpm, apt-get, pkgtool. Ada juga distro yang memasang perisian daripada kod sumber seperti gentoo dengan portage dan emerge.

Dokumentasi ini merupakan panduan yang ringkas tentang distro-distro yang boleh dipilih utk. memasang Linux.

1. Redhat

Redhat merupakan distro yang paling popular dan boleh dikatakan sinonim dengan "Linux". Ia merupakan antara distro awal yang memuatkan ciri-ciri installer mesra-pengguna. Redhat menyediakan koleksi perisian yang mantap dan terkini. Untuk perisian seperti pengkompil gcc, Redhat merupakan distro yang akan menyediakan versi yang terbaru dgn features yang terbaru. Pengurusan pakejnya ialah rpm, dan konfigurasi sistem dilakukan dengan tools mesra-pengguna yang disediakan oleh Redhat. Ini menjadikan Redhat distro yang bagus untuk desktop dan server.

2. Mandrake

Mandrake merupakan distro yag berasaskan rpm juga, dan ia mirip kpd Redhat dari segi konfigurasi sistem. Fokus Mandrake ialah "mesra pengguna" dan 'terkini", dan distro ini adalah untuk desktop. Ia kurang sesuai dijadikan server kerana kestabilannya tidak berapa mantap, kerana terdapa perisian-perisian dalam distro ini yang belum cukup stabil untuk dilaksanakan 24/7. Walau bagaimanapun, ia sesuai digunakan untuk "newbies" yang baru nak berjinak-jinak dengan Linux kerana ia ramah pengguna.

3. Debian

Debian merupakan distro yang digemari pengaturcara dan sysadmin yang menggunakan perisian "Free", kerana ia dibina atas usaha sukarelawan sepenuhnya. Ia menggunakan pengurus pakej "apt" yang sangat mudah digunakan, tetapi pemasangan untuk kali pertama mungkin agak rumit bagi "newbies". Debian menyediakan pakej yang stabil dan juga yang baru, dan pakej untuk Debian mudah didapati.


4. SuSE

SuSE merupakan distro yang juga rpm-based, dan berasal dari Jerman. Fokusnya ialah enterprise-computing, high-perfomance computing dan workstation. Jika anda membeli SuSE, anda akan mendapat dokumentasi yang sangat teliti dan lengkap. SuSE tidak menyediakan ISO, tetapi anda boleh memasangnya secara percuma menggunakan ftp. SuSE juga menyediakan persekitaran Linux untuk pemproses 64-bit baru yang berprestasi tinggi seperti ppc64, opteron dan itanium2.

5. Slackware

Slackware merupakan antara distro Linux yang terawal, dan merupakan distro yang tertua yang survive sampai hari ini. Pembangunan untuk distro ini agak perlahan, tetapi ia merupakan distro yang sangat stabil. Ia menggunakan pengurus pakej pkgtool yang ringkas dan mudah. Persekitarannya mirip kpd. BSD dan bukannya Sys V seperti Redhat atau Mandrake. Pengurusan sistem dilakukan secara "tradisional" iaitu mengedit fail konfigurasi menggunakan penunting teks. Ia sesuai untuk orang yang sudah biasa dgn sistem Unix lain, ataupun "newbies" yang ingin mempelajari Linux dengan mendalam.

6. Gentoo

Gentoo merupakan distro yang membolehkan anda configure dan customize dan optimize Linux anda semaksima yang mungkin, kerana ia memasang perisian dengan menggunakan cara kompilasi kod sumber. Ia tidak sukar seperti LFS, tetapi memakan masa yang agak lama untuk membuat semua kompilasi. Ia menggunakan sistem "portage" yang mirip kpd "ports" FreeBSD untuk menguruskan pakej.

7. Knoppix

Knoppix merupakan "Live CD" Linux yang boleh dilaksanakan terus daripada CDROM tanpa perlu dipasang. Ia sangat mudah digunakan kerana tidak perlu kpd pemasangan, tetapi ia juga boleh dipasang. Ia berasaskan Debian, dan menggunakan pengurus pakej apt.

Demikianlah senarai distro-distro yang popular pada masa kini. Terdapat ratusan lagi distro lain yang anda boleh lihat sendiri di http://www.distrowatch.com . Panduan ini hanyalah pengenalan kpd distro-distro yang popular sahaja.

Oh yer, websites:

1) Redhat - http://www.redhat.com (free ISO download utk standard edition)

2) Mandrake - http://www.linux-mandrake.com/ (free ISO download utk standard edition)

3) Debian - http://www.debian.org (free ISO download utk mana-mana supported arch)

4) SuSE - http://www.suse.com (free ftp install for standard version, no ISO)

5) Slackware - http://www.slackware.com (free ISO download utk cd pertama)

6) Gentoo - http://www.gentoo.org (free ISO download utk mana-mana supported arch)

7) Knoppix - http://www.knoppix.net/ (free ISO download)
» Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... «

scorps
post Nov 4 2009, 08:16 PM

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QUOTE(mimicska @ Nov 3 2009, 11:05 PM)
hello, i'm newbie.. hehe.. I'm currently using Ubuntu 9.04 virtually at XP. hehehe.. smile.gif
*
owh.. so why u just try install on your PC then?
it's more interesting to explorer a new things nod.gif
scorps
post Jun 26 2010, 01:58 AM

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QUOTE(asm@m @ Jun 25 2010, 03:41 PM)
MInt is the bests for my laptop...

i only tested 2 distro btw, haha, mint vs ubuntu..

and i prefer gnome over kde, since kde use quite lot of resources (maybe?)
*
well, maybe u can try out LXDE or XFCE desktop manager for a new experiences
scorps
post Jun 26 2010, 02:02 AM

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QUOTE(fat16 @ Apr 8 2010, 11:59 AM)
i'm lazy. i dont want install & update & upgrade. i just want 'ready to used distro with many app preinstall'. the bigger iso size the better.

So here we go.
debian stable - oshirix
debian testing - epidemic
mandriva - mib live dvd
fedora - comunity fedora remix
*
for your info,Oshirix right now using debian squeeze brows.gif
QUOTE

Squeeze is the development codename for the next version of Debian. It is the current testing distribution.

Debian/Squeeze Life cycle

    *2008-09-01 : Distribution codename announced
    *2009-07-29 : Debian want to adopt time-based release freezes, see announcement
    *2009-10-18 : DebianSqueeze development freeze should be in March 2010, see announcement.
    *2010-02-08 : The release team announced that a freeze in March is highly unlikely, see announcement


http://wiki.debian.org/DebianSqueeze
scorps
post Jul 10 2010, 05:36 AM

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latest oshirix(debian squeeze) is about 1.5 gb
scorps
post Jul 23 2010, 10:27 PM

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QUOTE(failed.hashcheck @ Jul 23 2010, 11:10 PM)
finally... just finished installing opensuse 11.3. after 6 month of frustration and torment on ubuntu.
welcome back home. rclxm9.gif
*
hahaha .. what's wrong with ubuntu?
scorps
post Jul 28 2010, 11:37 PM

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QUOTE(G-17 @ Jul 28 2010, 02:19 PM)
FYI, Debian Squeeze will eventually fall into the Stable branch once Squeeze is officially released.
You'll have to edit your sources.list and change the sources from "Squeeze" to "Testing" (and maybe disable any Apt pinning you have associated with Squeeze) in order for it to remain the Testing branch indefinitely. Having said that, I don't use Oshirix, so maybe the dev has already sorted the sources for you.
*
well, it's not released yet, right? hmm.gif
scorps
post Jul 29 2010, 11:24 AM

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how many different distributions have you used?
scorps
post Jul 30 2010, 12:09 AM

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QUOTE(G-17 @ Jul 29 2010, 08:32 PM)
Is this question for me?
If so;
I've used Linux for a decade, so I've tried quite a lot. Red Hat, Debian, Slackware, Gentoo, Lunar, Fedora, Cent, Arch, LFS, Caldera, Craftworks, Crux ... too many to count.... also lots of BSD variants.
Nowadays I'm too lazy for source based distros like Gentoo or Lunar, so I just stick to Debian, Slack, Arch or OpenBSD for most of my comps. I don't really have a preference, but I'm most comfortable with Aptitude, Portage or Pkg syntax (Arch's Yaourt always makes me feel tile typing 'yoghurt', for some strange reason)
*
thanks for the reply,
so what the most serious Debian bug since you have been using it? sweat.gif
scorps
post Jul 30 2010, 09:09 AM

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QUOTE(G-17 @ Jul 30 2010, 01:58 AM)
Do you understand what you're asking? ... you expect me to write a whole paragraph?

Anyways, I can't pinpoint one single bug, but most problems I've had was with Xorg (mainly from Sid or Experimental sources)
My other problems/bugs are mostly Zen kernel related, so it's not directly related to Debian's development.

Short answer: Biggest bug for all Malaysians (any OS) is always TM/Streamyx. tongue.gif
*
haha sorry laa.. just asking a noobie question sweat.gif
well done for the Debian developers for responding so efficiently whenever serious bugs are discovered. wink.gif

scorps
post Aug 27 2010, 11:32 PM

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VLC has lousy support for .mkv and h.264
scorps
post Sep 8 2010, 07:29 AM

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well, what is Linux Mint "Debian" - Linux Mint Debian (201009)
i just find out here http://www.linuxmint.com/download_lmde.php
anyone has tried it ? it's should be similiar with debian squeeze?

scorps
post Sep 9 2010, 04:53 PM

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QUOTE(FlameReaper @ Sep 9 2010, 03:30 PM)
Isn't Mint based on Ubuntu which in turn is based on Debian?
*
i think maybe linux mint debian is purely based on debian squeeze, not involved with ubuntu
so some different in command line like no need to put sudo
just su
scorps
post Sep 10 2010, 02:24 PM

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why linux mint can have audio and video codec to play video, music but not ubuntu?
on ubuntu, we need to do some of apt-get update to play some media file, while on linux mint ,that not necessary,it's already comes with live packages

scorps
post Sep 20 2010, 05:42 PM

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anyone know about this one ? http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=302632090975
scorps
post Sep 21 2010, 09:04 AM

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QUOTE(axxer @ Sep 20 2010, 08:27 PM)
from their official site here , it said

CODE
My1os can be find at any retail throughout Malaysia.


a commercial linux? lol
*
it's based on ubuntu , right? but i dont see any link to download the iso file..
maybe we must order first?
scorps
post Sep 23 2010, 03:20 PM

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from Indonesia,
» Click to show Spoiler - click again to hide... «

i think it's just like Ubuntu Sabily(Muslim version )
scorps
post Oct 20 2010, 09:16 PM

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i already installed ubuntu ultimate edition 2.7, but after all update&upgrade, still i comfortable using debian than ubuntu.. dont know why got that feelings..
scorps
post Oct 22 2010, 03:46 PM

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QUOTE(pcbase @ Oct 22 2010, 12:53 PM)
Ultimate Edition 1.6 (hardy base) is my first the best linux distro back in year 2008. At that time not so many 'yet another ubuntu remaster' like today .

Ultimate Edition suitable for
1) new linux user who dont know what is the name of linux apps and for what.
2) user without unlimited internet broadband

Personally i dont like ultimate black thema.
*
i'm also running my notebook using Ubuntu Ultimate edition, there's lot of useful things. but i feel more comfortable by using debian testing sweat.gif
scorps
post Oct 25 2010, 06:15 PM

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QUOTE(powerwoot @ Oct 23 2010, 01:59 PM)

Added on October 24, 2010, 11:42 amJust to update the preview of Ultimate Edition 2.8 from the bootable cd, yup I agree they do bundled it with lotsa applications, which the most we no longer need to search and download again from the internet. Hassle free to find restricted codecs, it just works out of the box which will be great for linux newbies. The default theme, omg! so striking blue and it hurts my eyes haha, but they include together with tons of themes to choose with. However they too much under the shadow of ubuntu 10.10 except they add more apps and themes as a make up.
*
yeah the Gnome theme for Ubuntu ultimate edition so weird i think.. hahaha.. feel not comfortable, then switch XCFE desktop manager...
but still i running with debian squeeze.. biggrin.gif

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