So you are dismissing this study as invalid due to it being 18 years old?

secondly,
look at our racial demographic population.
Bumi and India sounds about right because we got 70% bumi and 9% Indian roughly,

Shouldn't Chinese be 24% instead of 16%?

So in other words, Chinese have less poor compared to Bumi and Indian

Thirdly,
Since there is Bumi allocation for Bumi policies, then by right it should be given to Bumi
Right?

If not, by your logic
Then if there is a Sarawakian allocation for Sarawak, a Selangorian should have a piece of it?
Or an allocation for Sabahan should be share by all Malaysian.

Now I understand why people in the West always a wanna a piece of Sabah and Sarawak.
Even though there are allocations to each and every citizen and state given every year.
That is why we are still underdeveloped compared to the West.
The West have been songlaping our money to build their MRT, PLUS, KLCC and KLIA with our oil and gas money

I work for federal government in both Selangor and Sarawak for 10 years. There are lots of Sarawakian here in my PJ office.
One of them is the head of (our expertise) department. But then Sarawakian wants to go back where home is.

In my work place i can say it is 65% Bumi and 35% non Bumi in PJ and in Sarawak, it is close to 60-40% (we have no indians)

Secondly, you ask 2 sets of different question.
one is why the Bumi have so many poor and one is why NEP changes their economic statues.

If you learn history, colonialism is the reason why most country are poor and slow to progress.
Look at the middle east, that is what colonialism did to the region.
Intellectuals are killed, the native are suppressed in education and their wealth is plundered and destroyed.
You can learn what French did to Algeria for a more in depth study of effects on colonialism

If you know about economics, things that will affect it is political instability. Hence communist insurgencies (not CCP ideology per se) halted our progress in rural area.
That is why we need stability to help the economy grows.
That also includes racial stability.
Why does Japan, Korea and Singapore have in common that makes them progress economically?
Racial unity (one major race in power)

#1
Everyone is taxed accordingly.

If you use the facilities and protection given by the government,
then you should pay your tax. If you live in a far away jungle without electricity, roads, police, fire brigades, army
then it is your right not to pay thses taxes

#2
Does the Indian enjoy the subsidies or not?
Are they protected by law?
Are they protected by the constitution?
Are they Malaysian?

If no, then you have the wrong interpretation of things.

I don't believe in equality but in fairness and just.
You allocate them with the value of things that will help them, not in numbers but in the overall effect

For example,
Giving a farmer a Hilux is better than giving him a Lambo not because of the price but how it affects his life