We've been misled by the extravagant costumes of Chinese dramas whether Taiwan, HK or mainland productions, where even the beggars are fat n wear clean new clothes.
Let's look at some real photos of commoners in those days. Of course where the photos are posed the people dressed up for the photos as it's not as easy as today to hv photos taken. And such photos are of relatively well off commoners.
Poor folks
Mixed
This is not surprising as qing dynasty was one of those extreme corrupted period where the arustocrats are rich but the common people are poor.
The jurchens did not fully adopt chinese way of running a country causing extreme inequality.
U said "the common people are poor" which if u had read n understood #51, u would know is not necessarily true.
Merchants could be very rich n they are not classed as "arustocrats" or nobles but as commoners.
The underlined statement is not the same as what u said abt "arustocrats". There were poor manchus n rich hans as well.
U forgot that the qing dynasty closed its door to the outside world for many years. So. What merchant?
There is no international merchant, only domestic merchant.
Even later when qing dynasty door was force open later, trading permits are confined to a small amount of priviledged people, guess who? Mostly aristocrats.