Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and tumorigenesis:
molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
'' Multiple key pathways are involved with the development of tumors in NF1,
ncluding Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt/mammalian
target of rapamycin (mTOR). ''
'' In general, for malignant transformation to occur, there must be accumulation
of additional mutations of multiple genes including INK4A/ARF and P53, with
resulting abnormalities of their respective signal cascades. ''
'' Finally, increased knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved
with NF1 tumorigenesis has led to multiple preclinical and clinical studies of
targeted therapy, including the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, which is demonstrating
promising preclinical results for treatment of MPNSTs and gliomas. ''
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20043723Expression of insulin-like growth-factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in
peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1.'' NF1 is the most frequently inherited disease associated with a predisposition
for cancer (in particular malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: MPNST). ''
'' This investigation provides evidence for the expression of IGF-1R in nerve
sheath tumors in NF1.
The first evidence for IGF-1R expression in mutated Schwann cells may
indicate a tumor-type associated receptor expression in NF1. ''
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/17649826/The common NSAID, celecoxib (Celebrex), which has very unique
anticancer activity, blocks IGF-1 and IGF-1R.
Celecoxib inhibits insulin-like growth factor 1 induced growth
and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer.'' Celecoxib inhibited IGF-1-stimulated growth and invasion in a dose-dependent manner.
Celecoxib also reduced the expression of IGF-1R, IGFBP-3 and phosphorylation of AKT.
The results suggest that modulating the IGF axis may be a new mechanism for the
anticancer effect of celecoxib on NSCLC. ''
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23833672/Moreover, COX-2, as in many cancers, is overexpressed in NF1,
and celecoxib is of course a COX-2 blocker.
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in malignant peripheral nerve
sheath tumor and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor-induced
apoptosis by activating caspases in human malignant peripheral
nerve sheath tumor cells.
'' Overexpression of COX-2 (≥50% positive cells) was observed in 29 cases (65.9%),
was significantly associated with a poor overall survival and was considered an
independent risk factor for a poor outcome ..... ''
'' Selective COX-2 inhibitors including etodolac had an antitumor effect on
MPNST cells, and their use holds promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for
patients with MPNST to improve their prognoses. ''
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%...al.pone.0088035http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24516579/Etodolac is an older generation drug, less selective for COX-2 than celecoxib.
You can buy Celebrex at any pharmacy, about $3 a capsule, 200 mg.
I still have a few caps in my office drawer. Half a cap, 100 mg, will knock
down any fever far faster than paracetamol.
This post has been edited by Tham: Nov 6 2014, 07:46 PM