I don't think your equipment are good enough for the game. Most bowling centers I know have really bad and dark lighting. I remember last time I need around ISO1600, f2.8, 1/250 to get proper exposure. With your 18-105 lens, you need to get ISO6400 to get the same exposure, which I think you D3100 can't really go that high.

The only solution I can think about to capture the pictures are to get fast lens, 50mm f1.8g would be enough imo since you don't really need to be far away from the subject.