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Enterprise Networking Mikrotik Routers (RouterBoard & RouterOS), User and owner discussion group

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blackbox14
post Jul 19 2025, 11:38 AM

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Hi, I have somewhat of a unique situation in my house where the router is installed up on a small wall-mounted wooden plank that cannot fit most routers which sit flat. Noticed that Mikrotik has some options like the hAP AC2, AX2 and even the AX3 that can stand upright/vertical.

I have heard of the learning curve, but if I'm willing to learn routerOS, is it a good idea to get one of these Mikrotik models as opposed to something like a RT-AX59U?
blackbox14
post Jul 19 2025, 12:42 PM

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QUOTE(go626201 @ Jul 19 2025, 12:31 PM)
Better get a arm processor based model for more function like container for ad-block or something else. (And more cpu power for more stability when using higher speed plan and function at the same time)
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Any examples of arm processor models?

The space limitation I mentioned prevents me from getting any of the ones that have to sit flat, with the exception of the small squares like the hEX types. Also, I am currently on 500mbps Unifi package.

This post has been edited by blackbox14: Jul 19 2025, 12:43 PM
blackbox14
post Jul 19 2025, 01:55 PM

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QUOTE(syahpian @ Jul 19 2025, 01:30 PM)
hap ax2
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Thanks. So hAP AX2 and AX3 are also ARM. I will look into the Chateau pro AX but it is a bit over my budget at the moment.
blackbox14
post Jul 19 2025, 02:59 PM

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QUOTE(syahpian @ Jul 19 2025, 02:06 PM)
what is your budget range?  hmm.gif
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RM400~600. The Chateau pro AX is currently RM775 on Shopee so it's a bit over that.

Most likely will go for either the hAP AX2 or AX3 since both can stand upright.

This post has been edited by blackbox14: Jul 19 2025, 03:00 PM
blackbox14
post Jul 24 2025, 01:51 AM

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QUOTE(syahpian @ Jul 19 2025, 03:14 PM)
if like that better just get hap ax3, with those antenna it can help you with your wifi range and coverage  tongue.gif
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I had some time to check again, and I believe only the hap AX2 will fit comfortably where the Archer C9 currently sits, due to the rack being close to the ceiling. The AX3, if standing vertical, is a bit too tall.

Now waiting for a good sale to get it. Studying videos about setups in the meantime.
blackbox14
post Aug 2 2025, 02:09 PM

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Finally ordered my hAP AX2 yesterday. Read up as much as I could and even asked the AI chat support bot on Mikrotik website for a basic configuration.

Just want to ask something that I can't seem to find a clear answer to: when exactly should I perform the first routerOS and routerboard upgrade during the setup process? I assume it's the moment I have internet access?

Also, if I plan to use ether1 as the WAN port on this, do I need to turn off the passive PoE on the port first?

And of course, there's stuff specific to TM Unifi like the MTU values that I'm not so certain about.

This post has been edited by blackbox14: Aug 2 2025, 02:57 PM
blackbox14
post Aug 2 2025, 03:48 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 03:34 PM)
Welcome to the club.
You can upgrade the RouterOS whenever you want. But keep in mind that they only enable fasttrack by default in like version 7.18.
So just download the npk file from Mikrotik and drop it into the router. Then reboot it to make sure it is upgraded.

Go to System > RouterBoard.
Click Upgrade to upgrade the firmware.

Reboot again. Make sure RouterOS and firmware are both equal in version.
Hard reset the router and start your setup.
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Thanks.

For the RouterBoard step, I am guessing the firmware is included in the downloaded RouterOS file from the website and the router itself does not need internet access for that?

QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 03:34 PM)
Passive PoE is a non-standard way for Mikrotik switch to provide power to their WiFi product. You cannot actually disable it as it is hardwired inside. Just use the port as is.
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Ok. Just want to be sure because I don't want to fry my ONU by accident or something.

QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 03:34 PM)
For TM's MTU problem, you need to use at least version 7.20 beta. You can jump straight to the beta version if you want. I am on this version from beta2 till beta7 now and it has been good for basic usage.
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How much does the MTU issue impact regular usage? I did see some posts about it around here but it wasn't too clear.

EDIT: I will post more details about how I intend to set up my home network once I receive the router.

This post has been edited by blackbox14: Aug 2 2025, 03:55 PM
blackbox14
post Aug 2 2025, 04:06 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 03:58 PM)
Mikrotik user has also been living with lousy IPv6 performance until recently.

You join the club at the right time when all these long known annoyance is finally ironed out.
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Wow, what exactly did they do with IPv6 on Mikrotik specifically? I thought that the issues with IPv6 in Malaysia were universal because of weird implementations.
blackbox14
post Aug 2 2025, 04:36 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 04:20 PM)
This is Mikrotik specific.
In every router, there is a packet flow graph, which dictates what happens to the packet at each stage of a routing decision.

As part of optimization, many router manufacturer will have their own method to shortcut this process. Cisco Express Forwarding, Mikrotik FastTrack, VyOS Flowtable Offload...

In Mikrotik, this shortcut didn't exist in IPv6 until recently.
Now that it exist, there are still a lot of limitation, edge cases and gotcha when using it.

Common ones:
If you use Queue, packet won't get fasttrack.
If you use IPSec, it will chew packet aka they randomly go missing.

With L3HW Offload, you cannot use it with PPPoE. But your router don't support L3HW so this won't affect you.

Mikrotik FastPath is a totally different thing. It is just a name that says packet skip connection tracking and firewall. There is no way you can operate in this mode unless you treat it like a core router.
But then as a core router, they also have problem FastPath MPLS or VPLS, so it is still kind of the same unless your core router is really barebone.
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I see. From my understanding the AX2 isn't a powerful device, so I don't plan to use QoS, IPsec or most other advanced features for the time being.

My goal for now is just to set it up similarly to my current router so there is little to no impact on basic use such as gaming (needs UPnP, if I am not mistaken), streaming, video calls, etc. I may not even use the built in WiFi and just use my Archer C9 as an AP for that instead. Heard that is better for the longevity of the network equipment anyway.
blackbox14
post Aug 2 2025, 05:12 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 04:52 PM)
Just enable UPnP. They have a dedicated page for this setting. Make sure you correctly annotate your Inside / Outside interface or you might open yourself to UPnP attack from the Internet.
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I will come back here to confirm how this works once I have everything set up, because from what I've seen there are multiple ways to set up the device (w/ w/o VLAN filtering, etc..) using TM Unifi.

QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 04:52 PM)
Some people absolutely want QoS because it is the only way to get A+ in bufferbloat test. What is you current Internet speed? You might be able to make it if you predominantly do big packet.
But then again no gamer will leave their torrent running while they game, so this render the whole bufferbloat test moot as it only matter when your pipe is saturated.
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500Mbps under TM Unifi. And yes, no torrent while gaming.

I will eventually get around to learning how QoS works, because my family are heavy users of Netflix & Disney+ Hotstar, so there are times when their streaming does affect gaming.

QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 04:52 PM)
The rated MTBF is 100,000 hours at 25C. Honestly it is very low in enterprise gear space where 300,000+ hours at 40C is normal for hardware with fans; 500,000 - 700,000+ hours at 40C for model without fan.

Let say you never aircond your place and MTBF is down to 50,000 hours. That still gives you 5+ years so it is not too bad.
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Yeah, the place where the router will be placed will have no aircon. Somehow my Archer C9 has lasted 6 years without issues, so I'm hoping the vertical setup with the AX2 + all those vent holes will help it last as long or even longer.
blackbox14
post Aug 2 2025, 05:35 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 05:25 PM)
I don't know if Mikrotik has a standard way to do this but at least on tiny router the "Internet" port is not part of the bridge in the default setting. You then just create VLAN 500 and that's it.
If you have IPTV then you need to bridge them together with a port.
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My house doesn't actually use the IPTV, so would I still need to bridge those together with a port? I notice the TP Link router reserves one of the LAN ports for the IPTV.

QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 05:25 PM)
DO NOT enable vlan filtering without a backup. On unsupported switch chip it will stop traffic and you officially lock yourself out.
Tips: Use Safe Mode when enabling it. If you lock yourself out, just reboot and all changes you made in Safe Mode will be reverted.
Once done, disable Safe Mode and you changes will be permanent.

YOU MUST STILL BACKUP.
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So a safer idea is just to not use VLAN filtering then? I saw some posts here that indicated that VLAN filtering is the way that the current RouterOS is meant to run, or something of that nature. Maybe I misunderstood.

The setup videos that I can find on Youtube don't seem to use that method and it seems a lot more straightforward.

QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 05:25 PM)
500Mbps is slow enough for QoS to work properly for your router. Using pcq instead of cake or fq-codel should give you more headroom as it is less CPU intensive. Test it to find out.
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Will do that once I get everything running stable.
blackbox14
post Aug 2 2025, 06:01 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 05:54 PM)
Assuming you start with the default config and the "Internet" port is not part of the bridge.
Go to Interface > VLAN
Add VLAN:
MTU: Set to max
VLAN ID: 500
Interface: <name of Internet port>

That's it. VLAN is done.

Go to PPP.
Add PPPoE client.
MRU: 1500
MTU: 1500
Interface: <name of VLAN you just created>
Fill in username and password.

You should have internet by now but no IPv6..

Maybe check the PON stick thread for IPv6 setup. I posted one there recently.

IP > UPnP > interface
Set your PPPoE name to external. "bridge" to internal. Then enable.

I think that's it. Left QoS.
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Thank you. So I don't actually need to add VLAN600 interface to the internet port and internet would still function. That clears up a lot.

Noted about the IPv6 guide as well. I think I actually read it there a few days back.
blackbox14
post Aug 2 2025, 09:50 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 06:34 PM)
It still works because VLAN 600 just get dropped without affecting VLAN500. There's other VLAN like 400 and 209 on TM network as well.

For NAT-PMP, the step is same as UPnP, just annotate the interface.
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Is NAT-PMP still used by games and devices today? I'm not sure if my current router even has that. I only remember a UPnP option.

QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 06:34 PM)
I need to test the QoS before I post it since I don't use it. But should be very straightforward as well.
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No worries. I have a limited window to set everything up and make sure it all runs correctly first, so will be focusing on that.
blackbox14
post Aug 3 2025, 11:33 AM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 3 2025, 03:16 AM)
blackbox14
After you add the PPPoE client, remember:
Go to Interface > Interface List tab
Add your pppoe interface to WAN


This will simplify a lot of things, including NAT configuration.
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Ok. Strange that few of the articles and videos mention this step even though it looks quite helpful.

QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 3 2025, 03:16 AM)
QoS setup:
Go to Queues > Queue Types tab
Add:
Type Name: <anything you like>
Kind: cake -or- fq-codel

Go to Queue Tree tab
Add:
Name: Download-500M
Parent: bridge
Packet Marks: no-mark
Queue Type: <the name you chose above>
Max Limit: 500M

Add:
Name: Upload-200M
Parent: <pppoe interface>
Packet Marks: no-mark
Queue Type: <the name you chose above>
Max Limit: 200M

That's all.

Now you need to compare your bufferbloat with both rules enabled and disabled.
If the latency is poorer with the rules enabled, it means your CPU is not powerful enough. To verify if it is CPU problem, lower the download speed to something like 100M and upload speed to 50M.
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To test, the website is that waveform one right?

QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 3 2025, 03:16 AM)
I tried pcq but the result is not as good as fq-codel and cake.
Keep in mind RouterOS doesn't use DPDK or any form of ASIC for QoS hence performance seriously sucks donkey ball.

You must also remember QoS works by forcing packet to buffer so they can be selectively discarded. The more headroom you reserve (hence lower throughput) the better they perform.
You cannot try to tune for max throughput while still having low queuing delay. By doing that, you actually lower the chance that it will perform accordingly.

Example with arbitrary value:
By adhering to 500M max limit, the chance of it working according to spec might be 90%.
However if you increase it to 550M just to get more throughput, the chance of it working according to spec might drop to 50%.
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I've read that lowering the max limit to -10% of the full limit of my internet package speed would be a good place to start, is that true?
So for example mine is 500, I should start at 450.

Also fq-codel seems to use less CPU, so I will try that one first and see.

Thanks again and appreciate all the help.

This post has been edited by blackbox14: Aug 3 2025, 11:34 AM
blackbox14
post Aug 7 2025, 02:20 AM

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Received my hAP AX2 earlier. First impression: the router is smaller than I expected it to be.

Unfortunately, I won't be able to install it as the main router until my family members aren't home for a day. They will always be using the internet if at home, even downloading while they sleep.

In the meantime, to test if the ports and WiFi are functioning, I have set it up as an access point, replacing the TP-Link Archer C7 running OpenWRT in my room. I finally realized that my Archer C7 AP was capping my wired internet speed to about 300Mbps (before this suspected the main router or cable issue), while the hAP AX2 as an AP allows me to use the full 500Mbps...

Anyway, waiting for the opportunity to be able to set hAP AX2 up as the main router. Then I will reset configuration on it and do it properly.

CODE
Internet -> TM Alcatel Lucent ONU -> hAP AX2 (Router) -> TP Link Archer C9 (Access Point 1) -> WiFi Repeater
-------------------------------------------------|
------------------------------------------------ V
----------------------------------TP Link Archer C7 (Access Point 2) -> TP Link Gigabit Switch


This is what I plan to do. Just hope that the Archer C9 will cooperate in Access Point Mode.

This post has been edited by blackbox14: Aug 7 2025, 02:24 AM
blackbox14
post Aug 8 2025, 09:03 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 2 2025, 05:54 PM)
Assuming you start with the default config and the "Internet" port is not part of the bridge.
Go to Interface > VLAN
Add VLAN:
MTU: Set to max
VLAN ID: 500
Interface: <name of Internet port>

That's it. VLAN is done.

Go to PPP.
Add PPPoE client.
MRU: 1500
MTU: 1500
Interface: <name of VLAN you just created>
Fill in username and password.

You should have internet by now but no IPv6..

Maybe check the PON stick thread for IPv6 setup. I posted one there recently.

IP > UPnP > interface
Set your PPPoE name to external. "bridge" to internal. Then enable.

I think that's it. Left QoS.
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Sorry, just want to confirm something after these steps: the default configuration for the hAP AX2 includes a DHCP Client set up. Do I need to disable the DHCP Client since the PPPoE Client is what we use for Unifi?
blackbox14
post Aug 8 2025, 10:43 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 8 2025, 10:21 PM)
You can just delete the DHCP Client on the "Internet" port
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Alright. I have it disabled for now but I'll delete it later when I go to plug the router into the ONU.

After reading your guide about IPv6 in the PON stick thread: do I still need to move the Fasttrack firewall rule to the top of the list with the default configuration? In ROS 7.19.4 it is somewhere in the middle with default config.

I also had to do some extra settings to change my LAN IP address. Managed to change all the DHCP related info and log back in using the new IP, so hopefully I didn't miss anything.
blackbox14
post Aug 8 2025, 11:06 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 8 2025, 11:02 PM)
In reality as long as the fasttrack is above the "accept forward" rule it will work.
I just tell people to move it to the top as it's the easiest to understand and won't miss when checking.

I did move mine to the top to make it stand out from all the rules. One less precedency to worry about when diagnosting ACL.

Now that I explained this, it's entirely up to you.
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Thanks. I'll have a look at it again later.
blackbox14
post Aug 9 2025, 07:51 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Jul 22 2025, 08:24 AM)
Go to IPv6 > ND.
Add new.
Interface: bridge1
MTU: 1480
DNS Server: 2001:4860:4860::8888
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There seems to be some conflict in this step. I didn't notice it earlier, but on the hAP AX2's default configuration, there is an existing ND setting targeting interface 'all'.

Should I disable/delete the default ND setting in favor of the one for just the bridge, or just modify the default ND with the 'all' interface to MTU 1480?

This post has been edited by blackbox14: Aug 9 2025, 07:53 PM
blackbox14
post Aug 9 2025, 08:11 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Aug 9 2025, 08:07 PM)
Delete the ND. There should never be an ND for "all" interface. It is a security mess. ND must only be used strictly on trusted segment of the network.
It basically means if suddenly TM or your neighbor were to listen on your eth1.500, they will get an IPv6 from your router, connect to it and use the main routing table to walk around your network. Imagine that.
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Yeah, I had a feeling about that based on what I read in the documentation. Surprised this is part of the default config. I can't actually remove it though. I can only disable it.

Also noticed that the ND Prefix Defaults setting under Valid Lifetime is 30 days, while Preferred Lifetime is 7 days. Is that a bit too long, or is it fine to leave that as is?

EDIT: The reason I can't remove the ND entry is because it's marked as Default, but I can't seem to find a way to be able to change it.

EDIT2: Nevermind, just changed the default one to bridge interface and MTU 1480.

This post has been edited by blackbox14: Aug 9 2025, 08:22 PM

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