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Loan-deposit ratio at 7½-year high Written by Joyce Goh Thursday, 21 July 2011 11:37 KUALA LUMPUR: The banking industry’s loan-to-deposit (LD) ratio recently hit a 7½-year high, which could likely spur further competition for deposits, slow the pace of loan growth and raise borrowing costs.
In February, the LD ratio rose to 81.9% and remained at 81.8% in May, according to data by ECM Libra Research.
Its previous high was 82.8% in October 2003 and dropped to a low of 68.9% in March 2007.
A high LD ratio shows a diminishing source of funding avenue for loan growth from deposits, as loan growth has outpaced that of deposits in recent years.
Analysts also attribute the slower growth in deposits to alternative — and higher yielding — investments available to the public, such as equities and properties. These classes of assets are seen as offering higher yields and providing a better hedge against inflation compared with fixed deposits.
As such, banking analysts believe that competition for deposits among banks will likely continue to intensify. This could increase higher funding costs for banks, which in turn could result in either narrower margins or higher lending rates, likely through larger spreads over the base lending rate (BLR).
“It’s easier to grow loans given the strong demand in the property sector, the primary engine of loan growth. In the past, banks have lazy balance sheets compared to now. The (previously low) LD ratio then provided room to grow loans, even when deposit growth lagged behind.
“But today, the competition landscape has changed as banks are competing not just for loans but also deposits. While fixed deposits still form the major source of retail deposits, competition is also heating up for CASA (current account savings account) deposits,” ECM Libra’s head of research Bernard Ching told The Edge Financial Daily.
“Besides retail deposits, other funding avenues for loans include interbank deposits, term funding and equity. However, these types of funding are more expensive than retail deposits. As such, should retail deposit growth continue to lag behind loan growth, banks may have to look for more expensive sources of funding. This will add further pressure to NIM (net interest margin) which has been depressed by intense competition in the mortgage market,” he added.
Indeed, the rush for deposits is highlighted by some aggressive campaigns for deposits in the last few months, which include lucky draw prizes, free gifts and step-up tiered interest rates. Public Bank, for instance, is offering 10 prizes each month for six months up to September for new customers who open a savings or current account. Each winner will get between RM6,800 and RM36,800.
While the LD ratio has climbed, the financing-deposit ratio also recently touched a multi-year high.
The financing-deposit ratio includes the financing and deposits of the Islamic banking industry, apart from the conventional banks.
Since mid 2010, the financing-deposit ratio has hovered around 88%, which is an almost 7-year high. The last it was at that level was in November 2004, when it was at 88.7%.
“The financing-deposit ratio gives a more complete picture as it includes financing and deposits from Islamic banking activities,” said Ching.
He added that the recent hike in the SRR (statutory reserve requirement) would have an impact on the cost of funding, but would not affect the competition for deposits as much.
Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) recently raised the SRR by 100 basis points (bps) to 4%. This 100bps increase is seen as normalising the SRR to the pre-2009 financial crisis level of 4%. The SRR was maintained at this level for 10 years — from September 1998 to November 2008.
Despite the SRR’s increase from 1% to the current 4%, it is still significantly below its 13.5% peak in June 1996, as well as the post-1997 financial crisis’ 12-year average of 4.9%.
Meanwhile, Lim Sue Lin from HwangDBS Vickers believes banks will also be pushing for deposits to fulfil the Basel III requirements for liquidity purposes.
“There are no minimum requirements for now, but it is subject to an announcement later. It’s some buckets of liquidity that they have to maintain,” the senior banking analyst told The Edge Financial Daily.
BNM statistics show that loans expanded 13.7% year-on-year to RM934.5 billion in May this year while deposits grew 11.3% to RM1.19 trillion. According to the central bank’s 2010 financial stability and payment systems report, some 31% of household financial asset comprises deposits with banking institutions and development financial institutions.
Another analyst noted that the fact that loan growth is outpacing deposit growth shows that Malaysian households are borrowing more than they save, which is also reflected in the country’s high household debt-to-GDP ratio.
“Household debt has increased but salaries for most of the general population have not grown in tandem,” he said, explaining that a large amount of a person’s income currently goes towards servicing housing and car loans. “With rising inflation, households’ disposable income will fall and there is less money to save,” he added.
The household debt-to-GDP ratio in Malaysia has risen since 2008, hitting 75.9% in 2010. Meanwhile, the household debt service ratio – the ratio of household debt payments to disposable income – was 47.8% last year. This means that Malaysians spend nearly half of their pay on servicing loans.
This article appeared in The Edge Financial Daily, July 21, 2011.
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