it's just a simple high pass filter.
it lets the higher frequency pass to the tweeter, but filters out the low frequency which the tweeter won't be able to produce. since the tweeters could only emit high frequency sounds, there's no point in feeding it with bass frequency. this will help the tweeter operate with better efficiency and produce better sounds (since it doesn't have to work with low bass notes and things it won't be able to emit anyway)
the 2nd link that you've given has a better explaination.
you need to know your tweeter impedence to work out the graph. some drivers are 4 ohms, some are 6 ohms, some are 8 ohms. usually written on the back side of the tweeter. but a simple multimeter could also measure the driver impedence.
the crossover point, the point where the low frequency and high frequency are filtered out, works out in the octaves. 12dB has a sharper cutoff while 6dB has a smoother cutoff point.

to get 12dB cutoff, you need to add in an inductor coil. while 6dB cutoff could be done by a simple capacitor.
first find out your tweeter impedence. 4Ohms or 6Ohms or 8Ohms or yada yada.
then settle down whether you want a 6dB or 12dB cutoff.
then find the frequency that you want the tweeter to emit.
then use the
high-pass crossover frequency table.
do feel free to correct me if there's a mistake anywhere. i'm writing this in a hurry.