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Sri Lanka's creditors are a mix of bilateral, multilateral, and private lenders. The country has faced a severe debt crisis and entered default in 2022, prompting a major debt restructuring effort. Here's a breakdown of the key creditors:

🔹 Bilateral Creditors (Countries)
These are loans from other governments:

China – One of the largest bilateral creditors, including:

China Exim Bank

China Development Bank

India – Provided both loans and credit lines during the crisis.

Japan – Traditionally a major development partner and creditor.

Paris Club Members – Includes countries like:

United States

United Kingdom

France

Germany

Canada

Others

🔹 Multilateral Creditors
These are international institutions:

International Monetary Fund (IMF) – Provided a bailout package in 2023.

World Bank

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Note: Multilateral loans are not typically restructured under sovereign default negotiations.

🔹 Private Creditors (Commercial Lenders)
Mostly in the form of International Sovereign Bonds (ISBs) held by investment funds, banks, and asset managers:

BlackRock

Ashmore Group

HSBC

Allianz

JP Morgan

Other hedge funds and institutional investors

These creditors often hold a large share of Sri Lanka’s external debt and are involved in the ongoing restructuring negotiations.

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