I’m just going to answer briefly. You should research this yourself, as there are plenty of resources available online for you, and I’m only answering this as I’m free and want to help you understand better.
Dynamic IP is shared over multiple households. If you want a dedicated IP address, it is referred to as static/fixed IP and TM does offer that, but be prepared to fork out a huge sum of money.
Public IP can refer to both dynamic IP and static/fixed IP. It means that your IP is viewable or can be seen by other devices over the Internet.
Private IP is private, and is not viewable or seen by other devices over the Internet, If you want to get technical, it is between those ranges of IP address below:
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (65,536 IP addresses)
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (1,048,576 IP addresses)
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (16,777,216 IP addresses)
See here for more:
https://whatismyipaddress.com/private-ip.
private ip means fixed ip?
public ip means different ip every time modem re-connect?