Question 1

Diuretics, sometimes called water pills, help rid your body of salt (sodium) and water. Most of them help your kidneys release more sodium into your urine. The sodium takes with it water from your blood, decreasing the amount of fluid flowing through your veins and arteries. This reduces blood pressure

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditi...cs/art-20048129

Question 2

Perindopril is a type of medicine called an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Like other ACE inhibitors, perindopril relaxes and widens the blood vessels. This lowers your blood pressure and makes it easier for your heart to pump blood around your body.

implying from this topic:
Then refer back to the kidney saying blah blah widen blood vessels allows more urine production for excretion ...

https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/perindopril/#:...d%20your%20body.


Question 3

Most of the reabsorption takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule. The lining of this part of the nephron is made of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. These cells are adapted for their function of reabsorption by having:
■■ microvilli to increase the surface area of the inner surface facing the lumen
■■ tight junctions that hold adjacent cells together so that fluid cannot pass between the cells (all substances that are reabsorbed must go through the cells)
■■ many mitochondria to provide energy for sodium–potassium (Na+–K+) pump proteins in the outer membranes of the cells
■■ co-transporter proteins in the membrane facing the lumen.

Blood capillaries are very close to the outer surface of the tubule.
The blood in these capillaries has come directly from the glomerulus, so it has much less plasma in it than usual and has lost much of its water and many of the ions and other small solutes.


Question 4

ADH - Antidiuretic hormone (in short don't make pee hormone - tell body to retain more water)

Receptors doesn't respond to ADH --> Means less ADH, PCT will keep on collecting more Ions / Water to be excreted.
means more Urine produced.

Patient with Diabetes Insipidus will pee alot, means they easily get dehydrated.


This post has been edited by iSean: Aug 17 2020, 07:07 PM