We are verifying info that comes from the applicant. It is different from requesting for info that we don't have. We only need Yes/No or True/False answers, most of the time.

For detailed check, we will request for consent first. But that's troublesome, so such applicants won't be shortlisted. Imagine when there are 500 applicants, then HR screen them and only need to shortlist 10 for interview... to fill just 1 position. Does it make sense for HR to go through all the troubles to verify info from fishy or incomplete applications? Nah, we skip them.

It is a norm that employers can conduct background checks on applicants, unless you specifically mention during application or over the phone that such background checks violate your rights. As you refuse the verification while other applicants accept it, employers shall then reserve the rights to deem your application as unverifiable, and therefore, void.

Lastly, fresh grads or young employees need to give references (at least two people) that HR can call up/email to conduct reference checks. So, that also indicates your consent, since you provided their contact details to HR. If no references are given, your chances of getting shortlisted will be... slim, or close to zero, especially for fresh grads or those with less than 2 years of experience.