I'm pretty sure it won't work. Generally NVMe slots won't be connected to a SATA controller so if you plug in a SATA based M.2 drive it just won't work, and vice versa. I'm not sure if there are any slots in existence that work with both.

What's the model of the laptop? I don't think there's a way we can tell from looking at the slot since M.2 slots whether they are meant for NVMe or SATA drives are both physically the same.

Well looking at this (check the diagram):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2#Form_factors_and_keying

Seems like yours is M-keyed, which indicates it is keyed to support PCIe-x4.

But this doesn't mean its not connected to a SATA controller, as the paragraph in the wiki describes. Seems like there's no way to tell from just looking at the physical slot.