Your questions is too generic and you didn't provide much info.

So this is only assumptions :-

- When you said Win10 is corrupted, I assume that only the OS was unable to boot correctly and your HDD is still working fine (detected by the BIOS/UEFI).

> You can unplug/remove the HDD & either connect it to another computer for data transfer or install it as an External USB HDD (using an External USB HDD casing) to transfer your data.


- When you asked about reserve the data, I assume you wanted a separate partitions solely for your data storage.

> You will need to ensure that your HDD can be re-partitions by "Shrinking" the primary partitions to a certain size and create another partitions for your purposes.
> Since your Win10 is corrupted, a clean reinstall is required, you can pre-create the partitions during the installations.