Uniform Building By-Laws is used in designing high rise structure in Malaysia.

Seismic load and wind load are categorized in dynamic load which is the most advance or difficult subject in civil engineering while geotechnical/foundation engineering is having the highest safety factor since many uncertainties under the soil.

Please bear in mind that Penang Second Bridge and its associated bridge structures were designed with consideration of seismic load. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or Eurocode 8 were referred.