1) yup those long tubes emitting lights
2) u need UV CCFL to get the UV effect
3) it will be wut the fan color is, just that it wont glow without an UV CCFL.
4) the tubes itself are usually clear transparent plastic. some have strips of color matching the color of the CCFL
5) green CCFL, u get green light. only UV will affect UV reactive fans
6) (let some other reply u on this )
7) wut u ask is correct
8) usually they're sold in pair
9) inverters are used to convert 12V DC to AC, cuz the CCFL uses AC current.
10) the fan will be the original color, just that it wont glow
11) correct
12) fan molexes connect to the controller, and the controller connects to PSU.

hope it helps