nope, nothing similar to backing up iphones at all.
3 options:
1. manually move ur files to external DVD, or upload to some cloud service.
2. clone ur current drive (use
SuperDrive or
Carbon Copy Cloner app) to a external hard drive. this creates a bootable copy of ur current drive. meaning, u can take this external drive, connect to another mac, boot from the external and it's exactly as how u left it.
3. backup using
Time Machine to an external hard drive. this is not a bootable copy, but handy for you to 'go back in time' to retrieve deleted / damaged files n so on.
more info on 2 & 3, just google the bolded keywords
