In non-dynamic systems, the basic premise of experimentation in Qualitative Research is that the researcher controls as much as possible to determine whether a cause-and-effect relationship exists between the variables being studied.
Let’s say, for example, that you are interested in whether taking Zinc supplements leads to increased sperm counts. The idea behind experimentation is that you manipulate at least one
driving variable (known as the independent variable) and measures at least one
response variable (known as the dependent variable). In your study, what parameter should you manipulate? If you identified amount of Zinc, then you are correct. If amount of Zinc is the independent variable, then sperm counts is the dependent variable.
For comparative purposes, the independent variable has to have at least two groups or conditions. They are typically referred as the control group and the experimental group. The
control group is the group that serves as the baseline or “standard” condition. In your Zinc study, the control group does not take Zinc supplements. The
experimental group is the group that receives the treatment—in this case, those who take Zinc supplements. Thus, in an experiment, one thing that you control is the level of the independent variable that male participants receive.
Can you identify other variables that you might need to consider controlling in the present study? How about amount of sleep received each day, type of diet, and amount of exercise (all variables that might contribute to general health and well-being)? There are undoubtedly other variables you would need to control if you were to complete this study.

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