Jun 7 2006, 12:39 PM, updated 10y ago
The Pomeranian descended from the Spitz family of dogs, the sled dogs of Iceland and Lapland. The breed takes its name from the historical region of Pomerania that makes up the southern coast of the Baltic sea (now present day Germany and Poland), not because it originated there, but because this was most likely where it was bred down to size. In its larger form, the dog served as an able herder of sheep. When it first came to notice in Britain in the middle of the 19th century, some specimens were said to weigh as much as thirty pounds and to resemble the German wolf spitz in size, coat and color.
In 1870 the Kennel Club (England) recognized the so-called spitz dog. In 1888 a Pomeranian named "Marco" was sent from Florence, Italy to become the beloved companion of Queen Victoria of England. Because the Queen was a popular monarch, the breed's popularity grew as well. In fact, the Queen is credited for advocating the trend toward the smaller Poms.
Pomeranians were shown in the United States in the Miscellaneous Class as far back as 1892, but regular classification was not provided until 1900 at New York. In 1911 the American Pomeranian Club held its first specialty show. Early American winners were heavier in bone, larger in ear and usually weighed under six pounds. They had type and good coat texture, although they lacked the profuseness of coat in evidence today.
Diminutive size, docile temper and a vivacious spirit plus sturdiness have made Pomeranians great pets and companions.
Standard of Pomeranian
General Appearance
The Pomeranian is a compact, short-backed, active toy dog. He has a soft, dense undercoat with a profuse harsh-textured outer coat. His heavily plumed tail is set high and lies flat on his back. He is alert in character, exhibits intelligence in expression, is buoyant in deportment, and is inquisitive by nature. The Pomeranian is cocky, commanding, and animated as he gaits. He is sound in composition and action.
Size, Proportion, Substance
The average size of the Pomeranian is from 3 to 7 pounds, with the ideal weight for the show specimen being 4 to 6 pounds. Any dog over or under the limits is objectionable. However, overall quality is to be favored over size. The distance from the point of shoulder to the point of buttocks is slightly shorter than from the highest point of the withers to the ground. the distance from the brisket to the ground is half the height at the withers. He is medium-boned, and the length of his legs is in proportion to a well-balanced frame. When examined, he feels sturdy.
Head
The head is in balance with the body. The muzzle is rather short, straight, fine, free of lippiness and never snipey. His expression is alert and may be referred to as fox-like. The skull is closed. The top of the skull is slightly rounded, but not domed. When viewed from the front and side, one sees small ears which are mounted high and carried erect. To form a wedge, visualize a line from the tip of the nose ascending through the center of the eyes and the tip of the ears. The eyes are dark, bright, medium in size and almond-shaped. They are set well into the skull on either side of a well-pronounced stop. The pigmentation is black on the nose and eye rims except self-colored in brown, beaver, and blue dogs. The teeth meet in a scissors bite. One tooth out of alignment is acceptable. Major Faults: Round, domed skull; under-shot mouth; overshot mouth.
Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is short with its base set well into the shoulders to allow the head to be carried high. The back is short with a level topline. The body is compact and well-ribbed with brisket reaching the elbow. The plumed tail is one of the characteristics of the breed, and lies flat and straight on the back.
Forequarters
The Pomeranian has sufficient layback of shoulders to carry the neck and head proud and high. The shoulders and legs are moderately muscled. The length of the shoulder blade and upper arm are equal. The forelegs are straight and parallel to each other. Height from elbows to withers approximately equals height from ground to elbow. The pasterns are straight and strong. The feet are well-arched, compact, and turn neither in nor out. He stands well up on his toes. Dewclaws may be removed. Major Faults: Down in pasterns.
Hindquarters
The angulation of the hindquarters balances that of the forequarters. The buttocks are well behind the set of the tail. The thighs are moderately muscled with stifles that are moderately bent and clearly defined. The hocks are perpendicular to the ground and the legs are straight and parallel to each other. The feet are well-arched, compact, and turn neither in nor out. He stands well up on his toes. Dewclaws, if any on the hind legs may be removed. Major Faults: Cowhocks or lack of soundness in hind legs or stifles.
Gait
The Pomeranian's gait is smooth, free, balanced and vigorous. He has good reach in his forequarters and strong drive with his hindquarters. Each rear leg moves in line with the foreleg on the same side. To achieve balance, his legs converge slightly inward toward a center line beneath his body. The rear and front legs are thrown neither in nor out. The topline remains level, and his overall balance and outline are maintained.
Coat
A Pomeranian is noted for its double coat. The undercoat is soft and dense. The outer-coat is long, straight, glistening and harsh in texture. A thick undercoat will hold up and permit the guard hair to stand off from the Pomeranian's body. The coat is abundant from the neck and fore part of shoulders and chest, forming a frill which extends over the shoulders and chest. The head and leg coat is tightly packed and shorter in length than that of the body. The forequarters are well-feathered and thighs and hind legs well feathered to the hock. The tail is profusely covered with long, harsh, spreading straight hair. Trimming for neatness and a clean outline is permissible. Major Faults: Soft, flat or open coat.
Color
All colors, patterns, and variations there-of are allowed and must be judged on an equal basis. Patterns: Black and Tan - tan or rust sharply defined, appearing above each eye and on muzzle, throat, and forechest, on all legs and feet and below the tail. The richer the tan the more desirable; Brindle - the base color is gold, red, or orange-brindled with strong black cross stripes; Parti-color - is white with any other color distributed in patches with a white blaze preferred on the head. Classifications: The Open Classes at specialty shows may be divided by color as follows: Open Red, Orange, Cream, and Sable; Open Black, Brown, and Blue; Open Any Other Color, Pattern, or Variation.
Temperament
The Pomeranian is an extrovert, exhibiting great intelligence and a vivacious spirit, making him a great companion dog as well as a competitive show dog.
目前在亚洲一带，尤其台湾相当盛行的博美犬实际上原属于北极圈的犬种，而且当时是属于工作犬或看护犬，直到欧洲文艺复兴时期才真正转换为适居户内的伴侣犬，不过原始的天性使然，它仍然具备看护家园的本领。
历史
由博美犬尖形的吻部可以得知它的血源里必定有着史必滋犬的血统，因为宛如狐狸一般的口吻部是所有北极圈内的犬种特色。而其犬种名则得自于德国东北部的地区--博美拉尼亚（Pomeran）。当时饲养它们的民族是顽抗强悍的普鲁士民族，而这犬种也在十八世纪时即已经推广到欧洲各地。不过，能够在欧洲众多玩赏犬中脱颖而出则是十九世纪以后的事情了。而从史料的记载得知早期博美犬的体形比现在的品种大了许多，而且被毛的色泽、毛质也有着些许的差异。英国的维多利亚女王喜欢博美犬已广为人知。
性质
个性开朗、活跃，脸部表情永远是笑咪咪的模样，虽属于小型犬种，但遇到突发状况会展现勇敢、凶悍的一面。
外貌
圆脑袋，吻部较尖。耳朵小而直立，尾巴向上翻盖在背上，眼睛呈杏仁状，浑身覆盖着厚厚的双层毛，毛色为稍有浓淡的单色的组合，还有黑貂色和黑棕色。
性格
温顺、对什么都有兴趣，性格十分可爱。同时也容易发怒。属爱吠叫的犬种。
饲养要点：应注意训练它不乱吠叫。因体毛丰厚，换毛期脱毛量大，应经常保洁护理。母犬较易出现难产现象。
室内饲养的难易程度：容易
这种狗是北方雪橇犬家族中小型最小的一种。与萨摩犬、松狮犬、挪威猎糜犬都有亲缘关系。有非常厚而美丽的体毛，表情可爱，好奇心强，会讨人喜欢，在世界各地都很有名气。由于当初是在德国博美地区发现的，因此而得名。
档案
原产地：德国
身高： 20厘米左右
体重： 1.3-3.2千克
博美犬的颜色 Colors of Pomeranian：
红色 Red
橙色 Orange
奶油色 Cream
貂色 Sable
黑色 Black
褐色Chocolate
蓝色Blue
黑褐色Black Tan
白色White
灰狼色 Wolf
Lets Discuss POMERANIAN here~
This post has been edited by sx_wayne: Sep 13 2008, 02:13 PM
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