Thanks for your interesting explanation. Drug delivery has been a fascinating interdisciplinary field concerned with the proper administration of bioactive compounds to achieve a desired clinical response in humans. And drug delivery technologies are beneficial to billions of people worldwide.

As intriguing as it may sound, heart failure may be defined as inadequate cardiac function due to either coronary artery disease or a primary myocardial disorder that leads to insufficient cardiac output and a terminally debilitated state of the affected patient.

Improving myocardial function to ameliorate heart failure requires both drug discovery and the development of a feasible delivery system to administer the cardiac drugs. And I know currently, Farmer_C’s honorable research is looking at the development of novel drug therapies with minimal side effects to reduce cell death during a heart attack.

I also read articles saying that implanting a sustained release preparation to the myocardium poses a major challenge. First, the rapid beating of the heart makes secure implantation easier said than done. Moreover, because different sectors of the heart have characteristic susceptibilities, sectors such as conducting tissue or blood vessels could be locally scarred by site-specific implants, making myocardial sustained-release system implantation potentially risky. In addition, the cardiac muscle is highly vascularized and thus released agents are rapidly eliminated, compromising attainment of sufficient therapeutic levels of many agents of interest.

At present, although the Steroid Eluting Cardiac Pacing Lead has been highly successful used as the only Myocardial Controlled Release System, this design concept unfortunately does not address Cardiac Arrhythmias, one of the most common myocardial diseases, that can lead to loss of consciousness, heart failure, and sudden death.

Therefore, is there any promising therapy for arrhythmia associated heart failure at present clinical research?