Further to the data centre article above:
How Singapore can break out of land scarcity in data centre spaceThe country can make up for its size via green innovation, with development of more sustainable infrastructure

Singapore is naturally constrained by its size against other large data-centre markets in the region. But what it lacks in size, it hopes to make up for in green innovation. BT FILE PHOTO
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RAE WEE , How Singapore can break out of land scarcity in data centre space
10 November 2020
Business Times Singapore
STBT
English
© 2020 Singapore Press Holdings Limited
Singapore
SINGAPORE is naturally constrained by its size against other large data-centre markets in the region. But what it lacks in size, it hopes to make up for in green innovation.
The heat literally is on, with analysts saying that Singapore might lose out should it not meet its goal of becoming more energy efficient.
With the pause on approvals of new data centres as reported by The Business Times on Monday, environmental experts said, there are some renewable technology solutions to explore.
Tan Seng Chuan, managing director of Tembusu Asia Consulting, said that operators could consider using technology to raise the efficiency and operating temperatures of data centre facilities.
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers recommends a wide range for server inlet temperatures, from 18 to 27 degrees Celsius.
Mr Tan added that operators could also deploy artificial intelligence to analyse data such as humidity temperature to reduce total energy consumption.
Peter Bull, principal of Arup, a planning, design and engineering consultancy, said that green data centres will also require an entirely different energy system from that of Singapore's, which will be "almost entirely reliant on liquefied natural gas for the next 20 years".
Hydrogen-powered data centres that use green hydrogen imported from areas with "abundant renewables" such as Australia could be an alternative, though they can be pricey.
To hasten the greening of Singapore's data centres, more investment will also be needed to develop sustainable fuel import and grid infrastructure, Mr Bull added.
The data centre market is already seeing strong growth and keen investor interest. Hence, drawing funding is unlikely to be a problem for most players, said Ravi Krishnaswamy, senior vice-president of energy, sustainability and industrial at Frost & Sullivan Asia-Pacific.
He added that data centre operators can agree to buy 100 per cent renewable energy from local renewable developers or retailers, while the "more ambitious ones with long-term sustainability targets" can also explore importing renewable energy from other countries.
The purchase of renewable-energy certificates (RECs) could be another option. An REC is a proof of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, and is issued for each megawatt-hour of renewable electricity generated.
Mr Krishnaswamy is hopeful that the country can support the growth of the data centre market in a sustainable manner.
"Regulations and policies in Singapore have always been known to very quickly adapt to changing market conditions, and in many ways lead the change. Sustainability guidelines for data centres will not be an exception."
CapitaLand, SP Group and Sembcorp Industries earlier this month said they have signed a memorandum of understanding to jointly study the use of integrated energy solutions to power data centres.
Joshua Au, leader of the Singapore chapter at Infrastructure Masons, a data-centre industry group, said that most players have to also serve multinational corporations present in multiple markets. Given the large number of submarine cables in Singapore, the country is a transactional hub that is vital in a pan-Asian strategy.
Yet, he has some reservations on the growth potential of Singapore as a standalone market.
"Singapore (faces) a real-estate crunch, which means land is scarce and expensive, and options for expansion and siting for renewable energy power sources (are) very limited," he said.
This is on top of competition faced from other cities such as that of Hong Kong, Sydney and Tokyo. These locations have specific roles to play, noted Lynus Pook, director of the logistics, industrial and data centre advisory group at Cushman & Wakefield. Japan, for example, is seen as a gateway to north Asia (excluding China).
"Whether the moratorium is in place (or not), co-location or cloud operators will still build their data centres in emerging (cities) like Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur because the operators need to bring data centres closer to end-users in order to enhance the users' experience," said Mr Pook.
"It is inadvertent that Singapore will lose out on certain customers."
Arup's Mr Bull added that should Singapore "fall short" on delivering sustainable data centres, growth of the sector will be lower than it otherwise could be. This, in turn, makes Singapore a less attractive location from which to operate for data centre developers.
All that said, Singapore is still a strong magnet for investments, despite the moratorium in place.
Bob Tan, senior director of alternatives, capital markets at JLL Asia-Pacific, attributes this to the strong foundation of a stable political environment, robust network connectivity, and "world-class infrastructure". Singapore is "one of the most conducive and connected data centre markets globally" for investors and operators alike, he noted.
Tan Boon Leong, executive director for capital markets (industrial) at Knight Frank Singapore, said that geopolitical factors such as the US-China tensions have also "caused companies to look towards Singapore". He said these tensions have brought foreign tech companies such as Tencent, ByteDance and Amazon to Singapore to set up bases for their regional centres.
Singapore can also tap into the broader regional growth expected in the data centre market. Roughly 60 per cent of people in Asean are under the age of 35. Cushman & Wakefield said last year that the South-east Asia region will be the fastest-growing region for co-location data centres over the next five years, expanding by a compound annual growth rate of 13 per cent between 2019 and 2024.
With the market becoming increasingly crowded, players will soon have to capture new opportunities to keep investments flowing in.
Infrastructure Masons' Mr Au said: "The one thing that data centre companies want to avoid is feature parity, where every operator fulfils your needs and the only differentiator is price."
He added: "It is incumbent on each operator to have an effective strategy to hold on to their market share, be it through superior connectivity and market presence in strategic places, privileged relationships with customers and governments, or other means."
Singapore Press Holdings Limited