short version:
1. Amoled shows punchy, vibrant but un-naturall colour. Plus point.
2. Amoled cannot get to 300ppi (ie. iPhone Retina screen's region). Hence S3 211ppi resolution.
3. Pentile arrangement of amoled results in 1 less colour per pixel (RED-GREEN-BLUE, so either RG or GB or RB).
Key point above:
With all the limitations of amoled, the last resort by Samsung is increase the screen size, sacrifice on PPI to gain brightness. This is good because consumer likes big screen phone.
QUOTE
1.前言
首先申明,這篇文章純綷是做AMOLED的技術討論,因為AMOLED面板目前幾乎都是由三星寡佔,所以發在三星版,要亂版的大大可以先出去了,謝謝。
說到AMOLED這個技術首先帶到量產手機上的,很難令人想像,其實是國內廠商BenQ,此面板是由友達生產的,但那時螢幕的壽命太短,烙印問題無法解決,良率過低,最後很可惜的放棄繼續研發下去。沒想到多年之後,這項技術被三星發揚光大,並進化為Super AMOLED,它的大視角、超高對比,還有極鮮艷的色飽合度馬上造成市場上極大的迴響,由於市場上目前僅有三星可量產Super AMOLED,佔90%市佔率,所以三星在自家的旗艦手機上使用,幾乎成了獨家,目前三星Galaxy S系列的大熱買,AMOLED可以說是主要的功臣之一。
但自2010年以來iPhone 4發表會上所帶來另人震憾的視網膜螢幕以來,300ppi超高相素密度令其它競爭廠商難以望其項背,直至近半年來才追上蘋果的腳步,雖然說300ppi這個由蘋果所大為宣揚的人眼極限值已經深植人心,但確已成為一個既成事實的標準,就我的觀察,接近300ppi(pixel per inch:每英吋所含相素點數),仍然可見相素點,但不可否認,iPhone 4的視網膜螢幕的超高解析度,字體有如印刷刊物,圖象更精美,令人愛不釋手。當我第一眼看到IP4視網膜螢幕的感動,至今我仍然印相深刻。

原本由AMOLED引領風騷,加上AMOLED良率的提昇,三星也將AMOLED釋出給更多廠商使用(如Nokia、HTC、Motorola等),但在後續SLCD進化,再加上Retina Display視網膜螢幕以來,AMOLED及SLCD已變成分庭抗禮的狀況。但5/3 Galaxy S3發表以來,我卻看到了AMOLED隱憂,三星開始在掙扎,AMOLED的進化現在出現瓶頸。
2.AMOLED PenTile排列的原由
大家知道為什麼三星最早使用在Galaxy S及HTC Desire上的AMOLED螢幕,為什麼是PenTile排列嗎? 一直以來討論版上都說是因為良率問題,但我不那麼認為,那是什麼問題呢? 賣個關子,首先我們先來看看幾家廠商這三年來旗艦手機的相素密度:
按這裡檢視圖片
上表是三星及HTC和Sony(SE)這三年的旗艦機屏幕大小及解析度列表,值的注意的是,由於AMOLED 有PenTile排列的狀況,每相素都只有GB、GR兩色,真實解析度只有原本規格的2/3,所以多了一項在最右邊還原回真實解析度的數值。
再來看看Sony及HTC旗艦手機這三年來的相素密度折線圖,我們可以看到不僅是面板吋數愈做愈大,而且解析度及相素密度也愈做愈高,至到今年初終於突破了300ppi大關,也就是說IP4這個視網膜螢幕領先了快要兩年,到今年才被追上。


如上兩張圖,可以看到趨勢線是向上的,也就是一直在進步,再來看看三星,到了SⅡ達到217ppi之後,前幾天才剛發表的SⅢ反而又降到了204ppi,下圖是三星相素密度折線圖,很明顯似乎在原地踏步,離300ppi也還是有段距離....

看到這圖第一個反應是,對,SⅡ是RGB直實排列,所以相素密度最高,這兩天發表的SⅢ是Pentile排列,所以又下降了,但是Galaxy Nexus是Pentile排列但ppi值可是達到211喔,由上我們可以知道,使用P排而不是直排不是良率問題,PenTile不是原罪,而是AMOLED根本的設計問題,原因是AMOLED的相素根本就做不小!!
3.AMOLED的原罪

很多人看這張圖都是比較Pentile排列和真實RGB比起來,1 pixel少人家一色,但我看的不是這個,請比較一下最右邊One X和其它的有什麼不同,您不覺得AMOLED黑邊的面積多SLCD很多嗎? 黑邊的專業術語叫做Black Matrix(黑色矩陣),簡稱BM,是用來遮光,以區隔兩子畫素間發的光,以免互相干擾,由於AMOLED是自發光,可能是這個原因BM區必須要做的很大,您可以看到直排的AMOLED一樣比One X的發光面積要少的很多。大家都說AMOLED亮度比LCD要大,這是由於AMOLED自發光的關係,但是發展到現在高解析度的當下,AMOLED BM區不能做小,犧牲的只有發光的Pixel區,這就是為什麼Nexus Galaxy ppi值雖然達到了211,但卻被人說是三星拿次級品給google,亮度不足,事實上不是如此,是高解析度下的亮度犧牲。做成PenTile排列不是良率問題,是這樣可以將子畫素變少,加大發光面積。
4.不能說的祕密,Galaxy SⅢ使用4.8吋屏幕的真實原因
現今大家的旗艦手機幾乎都是720p的高解析度,三星的年度旗艦手機能少於這個值嗎? 但連P排的4.65吋Nexus Galaxy都被說亮度不足了,我還能用RGB排列嗎? 豈不自尋死路? 所以最後一招,加大屏幕尺寸,犧牲ppi值換取屏幕亮度。另外尺寸比對手大,畫面大消費者更喜歡,一舉數得,何樂而不為呢?
事實上不論原因為何,AMOLED最大的問題在於無法將畫素做"小",要高解析度的話螢幕的尺寸只能用長大來對應,但要高畫質卻要有高相素密度,也就是ppi值要高,AMOLED以目前的技術卻沒辦法做到,所以說在高畫質上LCD仍然無法被AMOLED取代,當然LCD在畫素密度變大也會有亮度衰減的問題,但看來AMOLED的問題仍然比LCD來的棘手。
5.AMOLED與SLCD陣營目前的比較及展望
下表是目前已發售或是即將發售各主要廠商手機的ppi比較表


(抱歉上圖左下角的機型是SⅢ,圖片沒秀出來)
可以看出若以ppi值來比較,AMOLED幾乎毫無競爭力可言,就算還原了AMOLED的規格密度(綠色線),還是幾乎都落在300ppi以下,連華為都可以輕鬆贏過,AMOLED除了色飽合度、高對比之外,我實在看不出還有哪項AMOLED贏了SLCD,更別提AMOLED烙印還有螢幕壽命的問題。
6.接下來的年底大戰,三星NoteⅡ的5吋以上1080p戰爭,三星還能死守AMOLED的基本教義嗎??
看這篇文章,很明顯年底各家廠商對針對Note 5.3吋產品而來,而且是使用1080解析度的螢幕
下圖是使用Super AMOLED Plus(RGB直排)的產品,看的出來由於相素無法做"小"的原故,產品數量不多,其中Tab 7.7還是利用了屏幕長"大"來完成了高解析度。

看得出來AMOLED的ppi值極限就是220左右,要NoteⅡ使用1080p解析度AMOLED幾乎成了不可能的任務,就算三星想要弄到6吋P排還是達到了245ppi。雖然到了5吋級以上產品使用1080p早就達到了人眼不可分辨的440ppi,但是5吋以上720p肉眼看會有顆粒(小於300ppi),必須提升解析度,制式規格就是1080p,且消費者會希望硬體原生支援1080p。
另外若將Note當做假想敵,5.5吋會是個適合的產品,此產品使用1080p的ppi值大約是400ppi,以LCD的製程來說應該還是可以到達,但AMOLED幾乎很難。若對手都出來1080p,三星還能死守AMOLED嗎? 還是三星可以做到260ppi以上AMOLED呢??(P排)
如同半導體製程微縮的技術,LCD近年來從150ppi已突飛猛進來到超過340ppi了,雖然再上去已沒有多大意義,但是可說已達到完美的解析度,反觀以色彩鮮艷的AMOLED,近年來只能游走在150ppi至220ppi之間,Pentile排列在文字顯示上依舊存在惱人的鋸齒邊緣,圖相顯示也無法達到IP4S如印刷般的精美,空有過飽合的色彩是無法滿足現在高端消費者的需求了。還是三星會有什麼奇招呢?讓我們拭目以待。
Translation
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First affirms that this article purely to do the technical discussion of the AMOLED AMOLED panel is almost all of oligopoly by Samsung, it made the Samsung version of the version you want to mess can be greatly out, thank you.
Speaking of AMOLED technology first brought to mass production of mobile phones, hard to imagine, in fact, the BenQ domestic manufacturers, this panel is AUO production, but then the screen life is too short, the stigma problem can not be solved, yield too low, and finally a pity to give up continue to develop down. I did not expect after years of this technology by Samsung to flourish, Super AMOLED hand into the large viewing angle, high contrast, as well as the immediate cause of a very bright color saturation on the market a big splash on the market currently only Samsung production-Super AMOLED, accounting for 90% market share, Samsung's own flagship phone, become almost exclusively, the current Samsung Galaxy S series hot buy AMOLED can be said that one of the main hero.
Has been since 2010 the iPhone 4 at another awesome retina screen, 300 ppi, the ultra-high phase density of prime order beyond the reach of other competitors, until the past six months to catch up with Apple's footsteps, although 300ppi this the human eye limits much preached by Apple in people's minds, but has indeed become a fait accompli standard, it is my observation, close to 300 ppi (pixel per inch: every inch Pixel points) contained still visible pixel point, but it is undeniable, ultra-high-resolution screen of the iPhone 4 retina, fonts, like a printed publication, image is more beautiful and attractive. When I first saw the moving of the the IP4 retina screen, I still printed phase profound.
Originally by the AMOLED pioneering, with AMOLED yield improvement, Samsung AMOLED release to more manufacturers (such as Nokia, HTC, Motorola), but evolution in the follow-up SLCD, coupled with the Retina Display retinal screen since.AMOLED and SLCD has become a rival situation. But since the publication of the 5/3 the Galaxy the S3, but I see the AMOLED worry, Samsung began struggling AMOLED evolutionary bottleneck.
As we all know why the Samsung is the first use of the AMOLED screen in the Galaxy S and HTC Desire, why is PenTile arrangement you? Forum has been said because of yield problems, but I do not think so, then what is the problem? Sell aoff the child, first let's take a look at several vendors in the past three years, the flagship mobile phone Pixel density:
The above table is Samsung, HTC and Sony (SE) of three-year flagship machine, the screen size and resolution list, value, the AMOLED PenTile arrangement of the situation, each pixel only GB of GR two-color, realresolution of only 2/3 of the original specifications, so the more the value one in the far right and restore back to the real resolution.
Let's look at Sony and HTC's flagship phone, the past three years, Pixel density line chart, we can see that not only is more to do the greater number of panel ", but the resolution and pixel density is becoming higher and higher, until the beginning of this year finally broken through the 300ppi mark means that to IP4 this retinal screen leading is about two years, until this year to catch up.
The above two diagrams, you can see the trend line is upward, that is, has been in progress, look at the Samsung S-II to reach 217ppi, a few days ago just to the S III but also down to 204ppi, the following diagram Samsung phasepigment density line chart, it is obvious seems to be marking time, from 300ppi or distance ....
See this plan the first reaction is that the S-II is RGB direct real arrangement, so the highest density of phase factors, these two days the S III is Pentile arrangement, so the decline, but the Galaxy Nexus is Pentile arranged ppi value, but to achieve211 Oh, by the last we can know that P row instead of vertical not yield problems, PenTile is not original sin, but the the AMOLED fundamental design problem, because AMOLED pixels simply do!
A lot of people look at this map are relatively Pentile arrangement and true RGB than 1 pixel less people the same color, but I do not see this, compare the rightmost One X and what is the difference, you do not think AMOLED black barsarea SLCD many? dark side of the jargon is called the black matrix (black matrix), referred to as BM, is used to shade, to differentiate the two sub-pixel inter-light, so as not to interfere with each other, because the AMOLED is self-luminous,may be this reason BM districts must do great, you can see the vertical AMOLED is the same One, X emitting area of a lot less. Everyone says the AMOLED brightness than LCD, AMOLED self-luminous relationship, but developed to a high resolution of the moment, AMOLED, the BM District does not do small, the expense of the only luminous Pixel District, which is why the Nexus the Galaxy ppi value reached 211, but Samsung to take a secondary product to google, the brightness is insufficient, in fact not the case, high-resolution brightness sacrifice. Made the PenTile arranged not yield problems, which can be sub-pixel less, increase the light-emitting area.
Everyone's flagship phone today almost all the high resolution 720p Samsung's annual flagship phone less than this value? But even the P rows of 4.65-inch Nexus Galaxy are the brightness is insufficient, I can RGB arrangement?it not suicidal? a last resort, to increase the screen size, at the expense of the ppi value in exchange for screen brightness. Another size than the opponent, the screen consumers prefer to serve multiple purposes, why not?
In fact, regardless of the reason why AMOLED biggest problem is that pixels can not be doing a "small" to correspond to high resolution, screen size can only be used to grow up, but high quality have Takaso pigment density, which is ppi value of AMOLED technology no way to do it, so that in the high-definition LCD still can not be AMOLED replace, of course, LCD brightness attenuation larger will be the pixel density, but it seems AMOLED the problem is still difficult than LCD.
It can be seen if the ppi value to compare the AMOLED almost uncompetitive at all, even restore the AMOLED specification density (green line), or almost all fall 300ppi, Huawei can be easily won AMOLED In addition to colorsaturation, high contrast, I can not really see which of AMOLED win the SLCD, not to mention the AMOLED mark there screen life.
Reading this article, it is clear by the end of each manufacturers Note 5.3-inch products from, and use the 1080 resolution screen
The following figure is the use of Super AMOLED Plus (RGB vertical) of the product, look out of phase factors can not do "small" exigencies of the small number of products, the Tab 7.7 or use of the "big screen" to complete a high-resolution degrees.
See to the AMOLED ppi value limit is about 220 to Note II to use 1080p resolution AMOLED become almost impossible task, even if Samsung want to get the 6-inch P row or reach a 245ppi. To 5 inches above products use 1080p already reached the human eye can not distinguish between the 440ppi, but the 5-inch 720p naked eye there will be particles (less than 300 ppi), is necessary to improve the resolution, the standard specification is 1080p, and consumers will hardware native support for 1080p.
In addition if the Note as an imaginary enemy, 5.5 inches is a suitable product, This product uses 1080p ppi value is about 400ppi, should still be able to reach to the LCD manufacturing process, but the AMOLED hardly. If your opponent out 1080p, Samsung is also sticking to AMOLED? Or Samsung can do the the 260ppi above AMOLED?? (P row)
As the scaling of semiconductor process technology, the LCD in recent years has been by leaps and bounds from 150ppi to the more than 340ppi, then up not make much sense, but it can be said to have reached a perfect resolution, contrast, color AMOLED, in recent years can only swim walk in 150ppi to 220ppi, arranged Pentile persists annoying jagged edges on text display Figure phase display can not be achieved IP4S such as printing fine, it takes the fullness together color is unable to meet the high-end consumers needs. Or Samsung will be up until then? Let's wait and see.