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Enterprise Networking Mikrotik Routers (RouterBoard & RouterOS), User and owner discussion group

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biatche
post Feb 28 2016, 04:15 PM

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there any mikrotik sifus here who know how to get capsman + slaves/virtual ap working? (each virtual ap with their own bridge)

somewhat i just cant get it running
biatche
post Sep 18 2024, 07:08 AM

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QUOTE(soonwai @ Sep 18 2024, 01:28 AM)
Updated to macOS 15.0 on 2 x MacBook Air and 1 x Mac mini and unable to connect to Wifi. iPhones, iPads & HomePods updated to 18.0 are OK.

APs are hAP ax2 and hAP ax3 capsman managed by RB5009.

Will troubleshoot tomorrow.
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I've deployed mikrotik AP's to customers in the past, its often the apple devices that have issues connecting to the MT's.

What channels do you have the AP's setup on?

This post has been edited by biatche: Sep 18 2024, 07:08 AM
biatche
post Jan 31 2025, 03:50 PM

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for years now, i only do ipv4 on my mikrotik,

anyone willing share copy paste fw rules for ipv6 (i use unifi)? (ya i know how to edit)

i actually dont understand ipv6 very well, from my understanding, we're given a subnet instead of a single ip address right? and each pc behind the router is given this 'external ip' ? or did i understand this incorrectly?

based on what someone else said a few weeks ago, its possible i may get unthrottled speeds with ipv6.... more speed is all i hope for.

This post has been edited by biatche: Jan 31 2025, 03:51 PM
biatche
post Feb 2 2025, 04:47 PM

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QUOTE(go626201 @ Jan 31 2025, 09:34 PM)
If you using Unifi,and enable ipv6 with unifi. U will get /64 subnet which will auto distribute by the router to device.
And every device under the network will get a unique ipv6 address with 3 days lease time. (Which mean every 3days or eveytime you reboot your router,your device ipv6 address will changes)

Unless you only enable the ipv6,and only allow local ipv6 address,then u will only have one ipv6 address with your router,and all ipv6 will be running under NAT mode.
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so you're saying that I actually have a choice of distributing public ipv6 to each pc or single public ipv6 on router with NAT.

so my brain is still very ipv4. with each pc getting its own public ipv6 addr

1) does fw on mikrotik still apply? or does it only route traffic?
2) how do computers in my lan know whats lan traffic? my brain here is thinking in terms of ip/32 and lan config would be ip/24
biatche
post Feb 2 2025, 04:51 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Feb 2 2025, 05:46 AM)
CODE

/ipv6 firewall filter
add action=fasttrack-connection chain=forward

/ipv6 firewall raw
add action=drop chain=prerouting dst-port=53 in-interface=!bridge1 protocol=tcp
add action=drop chain=prerouting dst-port=53 in-interface=!bridge1 protocol=udp


Remember to change the in-interface to suit your LAN
Note that this is all the firewall rules I have as I removed all the default rules

In my use case, IPv6 traffic is 4.73x more than IPv4. You should get full 1Gbps even on ancient Mikrotik device. The improvement is substantial.
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so you're telling me internet traffic via ipv6 is actually really faster than ipv4 (presumably throttling etc)? im still on hap ac2 for a few years now since initial release, dont know if thats ancient.


and wait 3 fw rules thats all? my ipv4 firewall is quite strict, my default is to drop and then i selectively allow.
biatche
post Feb 5 2025, 05:20 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Feb 2 2025, 09:37 PM)
IPv6 means every device get their own Global Unique Address (GUA). They can have both a GUA and also a Unique Local Address (ULA). They can have special address like ORCHIRD too. Or Segment Routing v6. You cannot use IPv4 knowledge to understand IPv6. You must unlearn IPv4 and learn IPv6 fresh! This is why old dog in the industry has a hard time with IPv6. It is a paradigm shift.

1) Yes firewall in Mikrotik is still very important. Yes router route traffic. You need to understand the packet flow diagram of RouterOS first: https://wiki.mikrotik.com/Manual:Packet_Flow
2) Computer know it is lan traffic from the configured subnet mask.
Yes IPv6 is faster than IPv4 if they both go the same route. hap ac2 can definitely get 1Gbps with fasttrack.
I removed all the default firewall rules and yes there are only 3. I can do that because I disabled all services on my router. Not running codes in the first place means zero chance of security issue.

Anytime you modify firewall rules, you need to nmap yourself, from your LAN and also the Internet.
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So I was going through this guide: https://www.hitoha.moe/mikrotik-ipv6-pppoe-...nifi-correctly/

my brain is no neural networking in how to fit this into my setup.

so i have vlan's at home

to keep it simple,

i have vlan10-home 10.1.10.0/24; vlan20-work .20.0/24 ; vlan30-guest .30.0/24; 172.16.1.0/24 wireguard; with each having different firewall configurations. for example, home can access work via nat but work cant access home

guide only has pppoe/bridge as interfaces

so how will this work here in my case?

since you previously said dhcpv6 would distribute public v6 addresses to my network...... then my different vlans will be lan-connected via public ip? this doesnt sound right.
biatche
post Feb 6 2025, 03:12 AM

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So with ipv6 I also soon after discovered that, the protection of computers will depend on the machine's firewall than router firewall.

With most of my machines being windows, and only 1 linux, does this not spell plenty of danger?
biatche
post Feb 6 2025, 04:03 PM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Feb 6 2025, 07:20 AM)
Ok, here is the problem with TM IPv6.
1. It is only /64
2. It is dynamic and not tied to DUID at all

Which means it is useless if you have more than 1 VLAN that needs IPv6. You can assign it to one of your VLAN while other VLAN continue without IPv6.
If you are not using Android device, you can try using DHCPv6 and slice a smaller subnet from the /64.

Regarding your firewall security question, my opinion:
Endpoint security is superior to perimeter security.

If you can have all your device operate properly in hostile network, nobody can touch you. Basically it comes down to only a few thing:
1. Audit all the port that accept traffic, both TCP and UDP
2. Use SELinux on all services with open port. Or limit them with constrained SELinux user. Or container runtime like Firecracker.
3. Do not do anything unencrypted and unauthenticated. This means using NTS instead of NTP. Using DoH instead of plain DNS. Enforce HTTPS instead of allowing HTTP fallback. Disable all captive service (from OS and browser).
4. Practice security hygiene.

As you can see, even without firewall on your endpoint, you are pretty much untouchable if you know what you are doing.
For development, bind to ::1 or 127.0.0.1.

Even if your subnet don't have global IPv6 address, you can bind to ULA for all your local services, like fc00::/64. This means all the IPv6 traffic is local subnet only. You don't even need firewall rule as the routing table will prevent your LAN traffic from leaking, ever!
The same cannot be said for IPv4.
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i like your ideas, and i agree with them.

So we need to go outside the scope of mikrotik a bit, i have maybe 7 windows computers at home, 1 linux, and few phones. I personally have my own vlan, rest of family have their own vlan and some use guest and a few more vlans for isolation. Why did i choose this instead of endpoint fw? It's because I'm the only one who understands computers. My kids who play valorant, minecraft, epic games come ask me "whats this? do i press allow private/public firewall?" I normally just say allow because its coming from known games. But how about you tell me here using these as an example.
So they want open ports to each other in the internal LAN, but closed ports to public. I'll assume private network since fw is set to private and wont be bringing desktops to starbucks. Now that's just one game, My personal pc has something like 100 firewall entries. As for epic games, i can imagine sharing local update downloads but i cant be sure. What I was expecting to be dealing with was having a central firewall like ipv4. I also don't use automatic windows update, because why bother? I customize my windows a lot, and with each update, it removes certain debloats and then I need to redo things over again. And then there's a period where things are vulnerable until actually discovered and patched.
But yes, I can audit, needing to know what services are required on each pc, restricting public for some, allow lan for some.... and even an audit would then be needed to be done from a remote machine and also a local machine.

I could certainly script and use remote PS or maybe just rustdesk to maintain if you still believe its worth all the trouble, which is really the question of, is ipv6 speed worth it?
biatche
post Feb 7 2025, 12:57 AM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Feb 6 2025, 05:43 PM)
I will offer my perspective from running infrastructure and also address your security hygiene issue.

IPv6 will replace IPv4 whether you like it or not:
1. IPv4 routing table is getting excessively large and fragmented they require hardware with serious amount of TCAM or HBM
2. For dual stack to work, I need 2 copy of routing table, one for IPv4, another for IPv6. For the simplest BGP setup of dual upstream, that's a minimum of 4 routing tables.
4. IPv6 don't need to calculate checksum since it doesn't have one. This is not just about end-user speed, it is about scalability. Very few routing SOC can saturate a port with single stream. The only one I know is Cisco One Silicon and Nokia FP5. This is a deep topic to discuss here. Research run to completion network silicon.
5. It prevent new player from coming into the market. If I decide to start a new ISP, I cannot get anymore new IPv4 address. Even if I am able to get IPv4 address, it will only be a /24 and it cost a fortune. It prevent competition, and network design that does IPv4 simply sucks from this point of view.
6. Running CGNAT cost money. Money in term of hardware and scaling. Money in term of licensing fees. "Money" in term of hardware choice.
7. IPv4 requires all kind of hack like ALG, STUN and firewall hole punching.

Addressing your security hygiene:
The last point above is directly related to why games will give you firewall prompt. They are performing hole punching for you to get a an end-to-end connection. Same happens to any app that makes and receive calls like WhatsApp. If it happen in your web browser, you firewall already allows it.

Not practicing security hygiene will eventually get you pwned. It is not even APT level sophistication.
1. Attack of known patched security vulnerability. Not performing Windows Update falls under this.
2. End user clicking on things. Clicking on unknown thing falls under this. Also include clicking links and running unknown codes. Your kids clicking on prompt to literally disable security. Rightly includes plugging in thumb drive you picked up outside.

Your whole argument with using IPv4 comes down to depending on NAT to protect you. All the IPv6 firewall rules in Mikrotik is to emulate this exact behavior in IPv6. The reason is a legacy one. All RouterOS before 7.2 (Don't remember exact version) do not support NAT66.

If you want to have this exact behavior, a more effective way it still to remove the rules and do NAT66 properly. By doing this, you will also requires all the NAT hack to make your app work. If your app backend don't do STUN and hole punching in IPv6, it will stop working.

Depending on your Mikrotik to secure your family with zero security hygiene is a terrible idea. It is not even an IDS / IPS. It is just a router with very basic firewall capability.

Security hygiene starts with education.
No product can save you from ignorance. Not even IPS.
Same goes to sex education and religion. Refusal to talk about it won't save you.
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I understand ipv6 will takeover one day.

Most regular users just their devices, without understanding ipv4 or windows security let alone mikrotik stuff. So most people don't even know what security hygiene is, however, if they are behind a router fw, they have a better chance of not getting into trouble. I'd like to believe i configured my mikrotik ipv4 fw pretty well, reject as default, no passwords, and using non standard ports or otherwise requiring vpn to enter internal network. (maybe i should all methods of remote since i havent traveled for a while). So tell me, where do most people stand when it comes to security hygiene? I can at least understand what you're saying. Others just want to watch movie/game. Aren't most people vulnerable then?

I can have the best practices, weekly audits, immediate os updates but take: CVE-2024-38063 for example. Is it not a severe vulnerability until first discovered and then patched? Who knows for how long exploiters have actually been abusing it. That's only one to name, I saw there were a few other ones in the past. So what do you say to this?

Also, i think its more likely for people to look for vulnerabilities on an endpoint address than first hack a router, meddle with the firewall and then find vulnerabilities on internal addresses, even more so when vlans are involved. altho yes ive witnessed mikrotiks hacked in the past when there was a serious vulnerability... good thing it didnt go any further than that.

but OK, I will look into 'security hygiene'. I'll probably redo all endpoint firewall, get everything up to date... maybe enable autoupdate? (and then windows will rebloat the OS and reset some configuration to default.. and risk bsods with bad updates -- u know this has happened). And then probably write a script to audit each computer periodically and also report via discord bot.... man this is a lot of work. what do you think of this? good enough for hygiene? a plan is better than no plan.

biatche
post Feb 7 2025, 05:59 AM

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QUOTE(kwss @ Feb 7 2025, 05:29 AM)
Massive MikroTik router botnet has been spreading malware – here’s how to stay safe
https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/online-...ow-to-stay-safe

Attacker compromised all these routers by scanning the IPv4 address space. No way they can effectively scan an IPv6 address space.
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"The most popular brand of router in Russia, MikroTek"

Very surprised mikrotik is #1 brand in a big country. For MOST people it's very difficult to learn how to use these routers. It took me some time to familiarize.

In any case, I appreciate your responses and I will progressively take steps towards "security hygiene". If not for applications and games, I'd much prefer using linux. I am at least comfortable enough with nftables/iptables. Can't say the same for windows firewall.
biatche
post Feb 14 2025, 02:11 PM

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if only they'd make 2.5gbps ethernet product at affordable rates... would be bestseller.
biatche
post Feb 14 2025, 11:39 PM

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QUOTE(go626201 @ Feb 14 2025, 06:20 PM)
Thanks for your helps.
Now my result not accurate...haha cant compare.
Let me fix it with TM 1st. I observe tonight,maybe will contact TM tomorrow or Sunday.
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"hi sir, what router are u using?"
"mikrotik"
"sorry sir, what is that"

"can you please turn off your modem and turn it on again after 5minutes? "

sudden hangup.

"hello? mr patel do we still have you on the line?"

This post has been edited by biatche: Feb 14 2025, 11:42 PM

 

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