Interesting discussion on foreign investment. I think before we start discussing FDI and stuff, we need to understand the type of foreign funds inflows first, there are the foreign direct investment i.e. FDI and foreign portfolio investment. Both are totally different type of investment
The first type, the FDI is the long term investment that people make in our country. For example, if Intel decide to build another R&D facilities in Penang, then, this type is FDI. Meanwhile, foreign portfolio investment (FPI), is those money that come into our stock market. A lot of folks mixed up between the two. Even some local journalist think it is the same, which just shows how lousy the quality of our local journalist are. Chinese journalist are normally far better then those writing for our English press.
On the first type, NEP does raise a concern for this type of investment due to the equity ownership restiction. So, certain policy in NEP may actually deter investment. But, there are bigger thing that affect Malaysian FDI inflow than just NEP. NEP is just part of the equation. Malaysia is simply not that "sexy" anymore. People thought Dr. M is such a great PM with so much FDI inflow, but, we need to look at the context of world economic context during his helm and that of our current PM. During the 1980s-90s, developed market is still the place for you to make your money. There are almost zero differential in growth between emerging and developed market during that period. Consumer in the developed world still have a lot of consumption potential and capacity.So, MNCs have a different motive when they do FDI during Dr. M period. They basically looking for low cost production cost to produce stuff to import back to their own country. However, during the start of 2000, we are seeing a period of slowing consumption in the west. Now, FDI is not about finding cheap place to build factory, it is about finding growth to replace the slowing consumption in the west. So, a great way to replace that consumption is to find a country with a big enough market. That's the reason you see that China, India, Indonesia and Vietnam are such an attractive place for FDI, because they have huge population. Malaysia population is just too small. Take a look at the investment theme currently, it is BRIC and N-11, both themes are consist of countries with big population.
NEP to a certain extend do deter FDI. But, if you can provide those MNC with the huge potential market, they will still come in regardless of whether you have 30% ownership rule or not. Just look at China, a lot of sector, you can't enter as a Wholy Foreign Owned Enterprise (WFOE), you need to do it via JV. But, still western firms enter via JV and risk teaching all their secrets to the Chinese, because, China give them the market that they crave. Malaysia don't have that.
On the second type of foreign capital flow, which is the FPI, actually it does not matter that much on NEP. No foreign funds are going to take over our company in Bursa, they are mainly passive investors. So, NEP actually do not matter that much. In a sense, our local market, due to our higher market cap/gdp ratio then most of our peers are, we need FPI to actually move the market up because local capital is not sufficient. But, Dr.M have a point that this foreign funds can create a distablizing effect on the economy. We need to be careful and control these inflow. It is not just us, a lot of countries are pondering capital controls.
In addition, FPI is not the sort of funds we need. It did not create any positive impact on our GDP apart from the wealth effect. However, our very smart prime minister Najib seems to think otherwise. I don't understand why he go all the way to attract foreign funds to invest in Bursa. No PM in the world do that, at least the Thai PM, Singapore PM or Indonesian President don't do that. He should be going out, fixing our system so that it can be competitive and attract good FDI. All the FDI we have now is useless type of FDI that does not add value to our country.
So, when discussing foreign capital inflow we need to separate between the two.It is totally different type of foreign capital inflow. FDI is important to Malaysia, FPI not that important.
You are right to point out the differences between FDI and FPI but I think your view that:"All the FDI we have now is useless type of FDI that does not add value to our country" and "In addition, FPI is not the sort of funds we need" may be a little simplistic.
A bit old now, but this paper supplies some worthwhile additions to and comments on your argumentation which may help those interested in this subject: