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In the 1950's Prof Hapgood came up with the Pole Shift idea. He believed that since the polar ice caps were continually increasing in size (and weight) that this might cause the Earth to tilt on its side. Since the polar ice caps are unevenly distributed in both the Arctic and Antarctic (e.g. Greenland which lies on one side of the Arctic), he believed that a point would be reached where the centrifugal force of this uneven distribution would cause the Earth to tilt over. Albert Einstein was very impressed with this idea just prior to his death.

I have wondered if the recurrence of ice-ages might be better explained by way of Pole Shift theory. The North Pole was once located in Wisconsin, USA. Similarly, the South Pole was once located in what is now the Sahara desert. The poles have shifted a great many times. But was this because continents were slipping and sliding hither and thither across the face of the Earth or is it that the entire Earth shifted?

It is fashionable these days to blame the extinction of the dinosaurs on comet strikes. The extinction of the dinosaurs was not a one-time event. Indeed, multitudes of species became extinct a great many times. There have been many biological extinctions in the history of our small planet. In the 1980's some scientists conducted a study of these extinctions and discovered to their amazement that there seemed to be a regular pattern to them. Their results were published in Science. These extinctions seemed to occur approximately every 26 million years. What could cause this? The problem with comet strikes is that they are destructive in the sense that the comet/meteor which does the deed is itself annihilated in the process. It is almost absurd to expect comets to strike the Earth with a fixed periodicity. Could it therefore be that something else is at work - something here on Earth for example?

One scientist, D. E. Loper, noticed a correlation between biological extinctions, magnetic reversals, climate change and other geological phenomenon. A number of scientists have noticed a correlation between magnetic reversals and biological extinctions and have written papers about this. Could it be that biological extinctions are also caused by the Earth itself undergoing upheavals of an internal origin?

I do not doubt that comets and meteors must indeed have fallen on the Earth in the past. There is considerable and irrefutable evidence of cometary strikes. And very possibly some of these strikes wiped out large numbers of animal species. However, it is a different thing to say that all biological extinctions are caused by comets. And it is here where these studies of periodicity come into their own. It might even be that the Earth itself is unstable and that it is the main cause of most biological extinctions over and above those caused by comets.

It would seem as if magnetic reversals coincide with other things including an increase in volcanic activity. Could it therefore be that Pole Shifts are the driving factor here? Magnetic reversals might be nothing more than a record of past Pole Shifts. And if the Earth moved physically (because of some weight redistribution), it is entirely possible that this triggered volcanic activity and earthquakes on a vast scale which then destroyed large numbers of animals.

There may also be evidence of rapidly rising land which perhaps builds new continents. Velikovsky pointed to the large number of Zeuglodons (an extinct prehistoric whale) found in Alabama and the Gulf States. Could it be that what was once sea-bed suddenly rose to become dry land? Could this be caused by a Pole Shift?

I have given the Pole Shift idea a special place in Hollow Planet theory. Let's suppose, as per the deep quake evidence inside of the Earth is not as hot as scientists presume it to be. This being the case one would expect water to flow deep inside the Earth. Such water may create tunnels and cavities. There may even be vast oceans of water inside the Earth. Thus, unbeknown to us on the surface there may be an ongoing redistribution of mass going on inside the planet all the time. Perhaps one day some of these cavities become weakened by tremors or by their increasing size and perhaps some of them collapse. This might then cause an entire continent above to then sink into the sea. And perhaps the compressed underground ocean forces other land to rise elsewhere. Gravity may also play a role in this. If gravity is affected by electric currents inside the Earth then this may also help to trigger a rise and fall in land on the surface of the Earth.

In recent years some scientists have been thinking seriously about the Pole Shift concept and some papers have been written about it. Their term for it is "Polar wandering".

One also finds various evidence in the polar regions suggesting that the climate there was much hotter. Was that because the Earth as a whole was hotter or because the polar regions actually lay near the equator?

Dodwell, an Australian astronomer, studied gnomons from around the world. He determined that they had indeed been reorientated within the last few thousand years and that a Pole Shift had occurred within human history.

Finally, I point to the inclinations of all the planets. All the planets are aligned differently. Even though all the planets formed at the same time and rotated in the same direction we find that they are all inclined differently. Venus for example is actually upside down (i.e. retrograde rotation), while Uranus is lying on its side. In fact, I have seen suggestions by some scientists that Pole Shifts may have occurred on the Moon and Mars. Could it be that Pole Shifts are actually endemic to all Hollow Planets and that they are constantly reorientating themselves due to internal mass redistributions which we know nothing of?
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A few of my sources for this chapter:

Kennett, J. P., and Watkins, N. D.; “Geomagnetic Polarity Change, Volcanic Maxima and Faunal Extinction in the South Pacific”, Nature, 227:930, 1970.
Hays, James D.; “Faunal Extinctions and Reversals of the Earth’s Magnetic Field”, Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 82:2433, 1971.
“Earth’s Magnetism Does Correlate with Climate”, New Scientist, 77:848, 1978.
Kelly, Allan O., and Dachille, Frank; “Prehistoric and Modern Lakes”, Target Earth, Carlsbad, 1953, pg 172.
“The Age of the Bolivian Andes”, Geographical Record, 4:59, 1917.

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Added on September 19, 2010, 10:21 amAdding ..

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/...70612084458.htm

"Scientists currently define Earth's center in two ways: as the mass center of solid Earth or as the mass center of Earth's entire system, which combines solid Earth, ice sheets, oceans and atmosphere. Argus says there is room for improvement in these estimates."

Argus argues that movements in the mass of Earth's atmosphere and oceans are seasonal and do not accumulate enough to change Earth's mass center. He therefore believes the mass center of solid Earth provides a more accurate reference frame.

"By its very nature, Earth's reference frame is moderately uncertain no matter how it is defined," Argus said. "The problem is very much akin to measuring the center of mass of a glob of Jell-O, because Earth is constantly changing shape due to tectonic and climatic forces. This new reference frame takes us a step closer to pinpointing Earth's exact center." - sciencedaily

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Added on September 19, 2010, 10:24 amAdding ..

"The Biggest Crash on Earth: India Slides Under Tibet, but How?"

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/...00916145129.htm