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Science Solar energy as an alternative source, ... Why not?

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VMSmith
post May 20 2010, 05:47 PM

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QUOTE(Beastboy @ May 20 2010, 04:35 PM)
If one diesel plant produces the power of 10 solar plants, won't it still make economic sense for each town to be served by its own 1-2 solar power plants? Sure there's a setup cost to solar but won't it be mitigated by lower running cost? Diesel plants must top up their tank every day. Solar plants escape this cost.
http://www.lifeaftertheoilcrash.net/SecondPage.html

Search for "Example #3" and start from there. It might help.

This post has been edited by VMSmith: May 20 2010, 05:49 PM
VMSmith
post May 21 2010, 04:23 AM

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QUOTE(Beastboy)
It is like saying the amount of rice eaten in Africa in one month barely rivals the amount of rice eaten by 2 towns in China. While it may be factual, it doesn't necessarily mean Chinese towns have superior eating habits. It may mean that there's not enough rice to go around in Africa. Invalid comparison.
If you look at it that way. The way I see it, it's mostly to show how (relatively) economical it is to implement solar power as opposed to coal. Coal is cheap to invest in, which is why there's so many of them around. Solar is not.

I do agree it's an invalid comparison in the sense that the whole world could have built just one solar panel (never mind the cost), and it would still be "all the pv installations in the world". I didn't manage to drag up the numbers on how much solar power is generated world-wide, though.

QUOTE(Beastboy)
No indication if the "real world" includes installations in the tropics or just those in the northern hemisphere where sunlight duration and intensity is seasonal. This is one problem I often find in US publications. When the world in "World Series Baseball" is defined as all the US states between Florida and Michigan, you start to take their version of "real world" with a pinch of salt.
Now that is just semantics. There's at least two reasons they named it "World Series Baseball":

From wikipedia:
The series were promoted and referred to as the "The Championship of the United States","World's Championship Series", or "World's Series" for short. As baseball outside of North America was not equal to that of North America at the time, the winners of the championships were by default the best baseball team in the world.

From wikianswers:
The MLB is the most prestigious league to play baseball. It is filled with the best players from all over the world from Asia, United States, Dominican Republic, and many other countries. Mlb scouts search for the best players around the world and offer them large contracts to join the club. When the playoffs are at the end there is nobody left except for two teams. This is called the world series because all that is left are two teams filled with the very best players form all over the world.

I find it strange that you'd base the meaning of "real world" off from World Series Baseball. I could just as well have the same issues with Buffalo Wings (which aren't wings and don't come from buffaloes) or Mountain Oysters (which DEFINITELY aren't oysters and don't come from a mountain).

Sure, lifeaftertheoilcrash.net is based in the US, so "real world" would have more of a US-based context. But that doesn't mean tha's a reason to doubt EVERY single definition of that word that is released from a US source. At least, not until we know its context.

But hey, English is a strange language. Waiting will have to be filled before it can be grokked in fullness.

ANYWAY, BACK TO THE MAIN ISSUE... (apologies for detracting)


QUOTE(Beastboy)
The figure of 20% is questionable if the data is derived from northern hemisphere pv installations
*
True that.

This is from wikipedia again:
For the weather and latitudes of the United States and Europe, typical insolation ranges from 4kWh/m²/day in northern climes to 6.5 kWh/m²/day in the sunniest regions.
In the Sahara desert, with less cloud cover and a better solar angle, one can obtain closer to 8.3 kWh/m²/day.

There's no doubt that solar power would work better on the equator than anywhere else. If the 4 and 6.5 figures are based of the 20% efficiency mark, then 8.3 is slightly more than double that of 4 (which makes it about 40% efficiency) and about 33% more efficient than 6.5 (too lazy to figure that one out).

I'd wager our country would have somewhere between that 6.5 and 8.3 number range due to more... humane weather conditions.


Added on May 21, 2010, 4:25 am
QUOTE(Beastboy @ May 20 2010, 09:43 PM)
Yes at our present consumption rates, nothing less than fossil fuels is viable apart from nuclear. Our lifestyle's so tightly wound around fossil fuels a 10% drop in energy supply will be drastic, a 40% drop catastrophic. Given the numbers, I can't see any other way for alternative fuels to be viable except to reduce consumption i.e. a drastic change in lifestyle. In other words, over our dead bodies.
*
Which is why I believe the world will not end with a whimper, but with much wailing and gnashing of teeth.

This post has been edited by VMSmith: May 21 2010, 04:25 AM
VMSmith
post May 21 2010, 10:02 AM

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QUOTE(Beastboy @ May 21 2010, 09:52 AM)
OMG, buffalo wings didn't come from a buffalo? Hahaha... kidding. tongue.gif
Trust me, DON'T try the Mountain Oysters!!!

QUOTE(Beastboy)
If the data is what I suspect it is, they should have just called it for what it is - North American figures instead of "world" figures. You'll appreciate the margin of error when u use their conclusions to benchmark numbers you collect from the equator.
I don't doubt that either. I had a problem finding hard numbers regarding alternate energy sources online. So either no one has judged it important enough to research/collate the information regarding the differences in geographical location, it's not public information, or I'm just doing it wrong. The best I could do was that wikipedia entry with the 8.5 kWh number.
VMSmith
post May 25 2010, 06:10 AM

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After scouring the other threads regarding energy, I find it shocking that absolutely no one has mentioned that plutonium and uranium are non-renewable themselves.

This post has been edited by VMSmith: May 25 2010, 06:11 AM
VMSmith
post May 25 2010, 06:42 AM

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QUOTE(0mars @ May 25 2010, 06:20 AM)
well, Im pretty sure thats simply because the amount of energy that can be produced from a specific mass of plutonium/uranium is large enough that the amount readily available is enough to fuel the energy requirements for the near future.
That is a dangerous assumption.

http://www.theoildrum.com/node/5060

Unless we can ramp up global uranium production, we'll see uranium shortages around 2013.


QUOTE(Omars)
I believe the general consensus is that the use of fission technology is only required until fusion technology is able to replace it.
*
This is just as dangerous. We could easily "run out" of all conventional and non-conventional energy sources, and fusion still wouldn't have made any progress.
VMSmith
post May 25 2010, 11:56 AM

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Wind turbines have the same problem as solar. High start-up costs, needs backup power station when there is no wind since there is no cheap and efficient way to store power, EROEI (energy returned on energy invested) values still lower than oil.
VMSmith
post May 26 2010, 05:39 PM

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QUOTE(0mars @ May 26 2010, 03:33 PM)
1) I went through the linked source and could not find anything to back the statement on shortages occurring from 2013. The only occurrence of note would be the end of the US contract for russian bomb material which would lead to a shortage in uranium supply TO THE US. The study in itself seems to focus more on the availability of a secure fuel supply to the US rather than actual availability of Uranium globally.

Do correct me if I'm wrong.
You'll need to scroll down to Figure 5 and Figure 6 to get world supply and demand figures. Demand was ~65,000 tons in 2005, while supply from mines worldwide was ~40,000 tons. Googling up on "annual uranium consumption (or supply)" will give you roughly the same amount.

Ramping up on mining production also takes time and money.

QUOTE(The Oil Drum)
Adding new mines takes a long time--one often sees 8 to 10 years quoted as a reasonable time frame. Production in 2007 was only 41,000 metric tons, so increasing production by 30,000 metric tons would represent a 73% increase. This doesn't seem to be happening. If we look at news reports, we find that mining companies are struggling financially, because of high debt loads and low prices available for their products. Production plans are being cut back or delayed.
So I'd say it's a worldwide problem. And even if shortages were limited to the US, what makes you think they won't try to take it from someone else?

QUOTE(0mars)
2) As far as I know, there is already a fusion reactor being built in Russia as well as a prototype model of a more cost friendly design in MIT. Of course, the actual viability of both these models is something that we can only "wait and see" to confirm.
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Are these two the one and the same?

http://nextbigfuture.com/2010/05/russia-it...on-ignitor.html

Apart from this and ITER's one in France, I've not read about any new fusion reactor projects.

This post has been edited by VMSmith: May 26 2010, 05:40 PM
VMSmith
post May 26 2010, 06:07 PM

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You're welcome.
VMSmith
post May 31 2010, 03:18 PM

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Yes. They are called the steam engine and the internal combustion engine.

----I could be wrong from this point here----

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_engine#E...of_heat_engines

All these heat engines rely on some sort of working fluid to transfer heat from Point A to Point B. And the working fluid is almost always in the form of a gas or a liquid. Plus, it's only applied to systems with moving parts (so no plugging it in directly to a TV or XBOX).

Solid state forms aren't a good method of distributing the conversion of heat-to-energy throughout a system that has moving parts. Unless your car is as flat as a pancake.

This post has been edited by VMSmith: May 31 2010, 03:20 PM
VMSmith
post May 31 2010, 11:14 PM

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QUOTE(Beastboy @ May 31 2010, 03:48 PM)
I've heard of projects to harvest geothermal energy before in places that have volcanic activity. It seems that some of the technology is already commercially available.
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Yes. But Malaysia hardly has any volcanoes...
VMSmith
post Jun 1 2010, 01:15 PM

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QUOTE(Beastboy @ Jun 1 2010, 09:38 AM)
We have an extinct one in Sabah I think, and we still have a few active hot springs in peninsular Malaysia. The point is, whether the source is geothermal or solar, we are baking left and right with no motivation to harness all that energy.

I notice the power industry keeps running back to oil and gas baseline as if nothing else will ever do, except nuclear which you rightly pointed out is also non renewable. Its a subtle way of saying the renewable energy sector is a waste of time.
*
Hot springs wouldn't give the same energy output as a volcano. Even less worth the time.

The reason we keep going back to oil and gas is despite the relatively high price, it's still cheaper to extract and they have a much higher EROEI (Energy returned to energy invested) ratio than anything else on Earth.

Sure, we definitely have the technology to move almost 100% of global energy consumption to renewable tech. But it'll bankrupt everyone in the process. (I have high doubts if we can even achieve this, considering that even renewable tech relies on a fossil-fuel based infrastructure to start up).

QUOTE(Beastboy @ Jun 1 2010, 09:38 AM)
If societies are not willing to consider a lifestyle that's less power hungry, then I guess the writing is on the wall then.


A lifestyle that's less power hungry means cutting down on consumption. No one would be willing to do that (And yes, not even me).

Didn't someone say "the American way of life is non-negotiable"? Well, that applies for pretty much everyone on Earth.


Added on June 1, 2010, 1:17 pm
QUOTE(robertngo @ Jun 1 2010, 11:29 AM)
actually we dont need to increase power output, how about just reducing waste, by implementing strict building code on home and office to be more efficient. there are one zero energy building beloging to Pusat Tenaga Malaysia. the lesson learn there should be implemented in other new development and retrofitting old building to be more efficient.
*
Like Beastboy said. It'll just be delaying the problem. With increasing population growth, the benefits of such a move would be canceled out with everyone having a smaller piece of the pie.

Humans have never been able to kick off the habit of carrying out Jevon's Paradox.

This post has been edited by VMSmith: Jun 1 2010, 01:17 PM
VMSmith
post Jun 1 2010, 07:55 PM

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QUOTE(Beastboy @ Jun 1 2010, 04:38 PM)
As long as the variables stay constant, yes, but as oil reserves dry up, the cost of exploration/energy invested will go up. Nobody seems to want to get their heads chewed off for predicting a depletion timeline so we all get to enjoy this illusion of a bottomless pit.
Yes, but by the time the cost of conventional (i.e. oil and gas) energy is expensive enough to justify investing in other forms, it's too late. We MIGHT have had a chance to transition to a renewable form of powering civilization if we started decades ago. No way that is happening now with resource scarcity.

Actually, there's been quite a few people who's picked up on resource depletion and tried to warn others. M. King Hubbert was pretty much the first person to predict US oil production peaking by the 70's. Other who have also tried to sound the whistle (but sadly, will never be popular in the mainstream) are Richard Heinberg, Jared Diamond, Mike Ruppert and Julian Darley.

(Note: Because their surnames sound the same, I should not that M. King Hubbert is NOT related to L. Ron Hubbard, who is the father of Scientology.)


QUOTE(Beastboy)
If you want to clone the current centralized power generation schema, then I agree. But why can't power generation be decentralized? A couple of small stations per district using a wind/hydro/solar combo coupled with an aggressive change in lifestyle. A radical shift for a radical problem, one consumer companies ain't gonna be too happy about.
Because for one, it's expensive. And there's not that many places on earth which has the best of all three "weather conditions". Third, it's not efficient in terms of energy generation/infrastructure setup and maintenance.

I'd say that it's possible to pull this off in a few towns, maybe a city or two, but no way our country (or any country) can pull this off. It will be a financial and logistical nightmare.

QUOTE(Beastboy)
Oh with enough pain, people will change. Nothing like lighting the fire under our *sses to make us dance.  sweat.gif
*
Agreed. Though I see it as us being dragged, kicking an screaming down the Olduvai Gorge, wondering where the hell we went wrong.
VMSmith
post Jun 1 2010, 08:32 PM

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Yes. It's only to supply hot water.

Note that these really aren't solar panels in the strictest sense.


Difference Between Photovoltaic Systems & Solar Water Heating
http://www.ehow.com/facts_5864535_differen...er-heating.html

This post has been edited by VMSmith: Jun 1 2010, 08:45 PM
VMSmith
post Jun 1 2010, 09:31 PM

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There's algae fuel, which grabs CO2 and sunlight, then converts them to oxygen and biomass.

Very expensive tech though.
VMSmith
post Jun 3 2010, 01:51 PM

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Breeder reactors won't be our savior anytime soon.

http://www.fissilematerials.org/blog/2010/...tus_of_fas.html

Too expensive to build and maintain. Breaks down easily. Takes too long to repair.

I'm watching development of thorium reactors with great interest. Not that I think it'll save civilization from collapsing, but it's the closest thing to a "magic bullet" that can mitigate our energy issues. Since India is the most progressive in developing thorium reactors, it might save their asses in a few decades or so (Assuming they have the capability and time to do so) while the rest of the world turns into fuedal, warring states.

QUOTE(jswong)
To start off with, it's about 700 times as abundant as enriched uranium.
Where did you get this figure from? Most sources quote 3 to 4 times.


Added on June 3, 2010, 2:14 pm
QUOTE(Beastboy @ Jun 2 2010, 10:19 AM)
What do you reckon is behind this ostrich syndrome? I've seen denial but something of this magnitude is clinical man.
Well, you've pretty much answered your own question. Lots of answers, but they all pretty much boil down to denial.

This post has been edited by VMSmith: Jun 3 2010, 02:31 PM
VMSmith
post Jun 5 2010, 06:41 AM

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QUOTE(jswong @ Jun 5 2010, 01:58 AM)
Thorium is 3 to 4 times as abundant as Uranium-238, which is not useful for a nuclear reactor if not enriched first. It is 700 times as abundant as naturally-occurring Uranium-235, which is the fissile fuel of nuclear reactors running on the Uranium fuel cycle. U-238 is only used as the fertile blanket to be neutron-enriched into Plutonium if I recall correctly.
Ah. I stand corrected on this one. Thanks for the info!
VMSmith
post Jun 7 2010, 12:56 PM

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QUOTE(alxa3021 @ Jun 6 2010, 09:07 PM)
but it would actually mitigate the amount of coal being burnt, hence making KL's skyline more visible at times.

*
Does a coal-mine cause THAT much pollution? The closest coal-fired plant to KL is in Kapar. I always thought that too many cars on the road were more of a factor.

VMSmith
post Jun 7 2010, 01:34 PM

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Ah. Duly noted.

I do have a couple of questions regarding PV cells maintenance though.

#1: Considering that it's easy for dust to gather on the glass surface and for it to be easily scratched, how often/expensive would it cost to replace it? (Not looking for a specific number, just an approximate figure)

#2: Does the silver paste for PV cells need to be replaced over a certain number of years as well?

 

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