What is a pickup ?

A pickup device acts as a transducer that captures mechanical vibrations (usually from suitably equipped stringed instruments such as the electric guitar, electric bass guitar or electric violin) and converts them to an electronic signal which can be amplified and recorded.

What's the meaning of s-s-s ?

Usually an electric guitar has more than one magnetic pickup. A combination of pickups is called a pickup configuration. It is usually notated by just writing out the pickup types, using "S" for single-coil and "H" for humbucker, in order from neck pickup to bridge pickup.

Popular pickup configurations include:


How does the pickup "sound" ?

The turns of wire in close proximity to each other have an equivalent self-capacitance which, when added to any cable capacitance present, resonates with the inductance of the winding. This resonance can accentuate certain frequencies, giving the pickup a characteristic tonal quality. The more turns of wire in the winding, the higher the output voltage but the lower this resonant frequency. The inductive source impedance inherent in this type of transducer makes it less linear than other forms of pickups, such as piezo-electric or optical. The tonal quality produced by this nonlinearity is, however, subject to taste, and may therefore also be considered by some to be aesthetically superior to that of a more linear transducer.

The external load usually consists of resistance (the volume and tone potentiometer in the guitar, and any resistance to ground at the amplifier input) and capacitance between the hot lead and shield in the guitar cable. The cable capacitance has a large effect and must not be neglected. This arrangement of passive components forms a second-order low-pass filter. Electromagnetic pickups are usually designed to feed a high input impedance, typically a megaohm or more and a low impedance load will reduce the high-frequency response of the pickup because of the filtering effect of the inductance.

What's a humbucker ?

One problem with electromagnetic pickups is that - along with the musical signal - they also pick up mains hum. Mains hum consists of a fundamental signal at a nominal 50 or 60 Hz, depending on local alternating current frequency, and usually some harmonic content. The changing magnetic flux caused by the mains current links with the windings of the pickup, inducing a voltage by transformer action.

To overcome this effect, the humbucking pickup was developed, originally by Seth Lover of Gibson. A humbucking pickup comprises two standard pickups wired together in series. However, the magnets of the two pickups are reversed in polarity, and the windings are also reversed. Thus, any hum or other common mode extraneous noise that is picked up is canceled out, while the musical signal is reinforced. A side effect of this technique is that the overall inductance of the pickup is increased, attenuating the higher frequencies and giving a duller tone.

What's a passive and active pick-ups ?

Pick-ups can be either active and passive. Pickups, apart from optical types, are inherently passive transducers. So-called active pickups incorporate electronic circuitry to modify the signal. Passive pick-ups are usually wire wound around a magnet. They can generate electric potential without need for external power, though their output is relatively low, and the harmonic content of output depends greatly on the winding.

Passive pick-ups are very convenient as they require no power source to operate. They are most popular and widely used pick-up type on electric guitars, and their frequency response curve is unique to the type and manufacturer.



Active pick-ups require an electrical source of energy to operate and include an electronic preamp, active filters, active EQ and other sound-shaping features. They can sometimes give much higher possible output (in comparison to passive) and much flatter frequency response curve. They also are less affected in tone by varying lengths of amplifier lead, and amplifier input characteristics. Magnetic pick-ups used with 'active' circuitry usually feature a lower inductance (and initially lower output) winding that tends to give a flatter frequency response curve.

The disadvantages of active pick-ups are the power source (usually either a battery or phantom power), cost, and less defined unique tonal signature. They are more popular on bass guitars, because of their solid tone; most high-end bass guitars feature an active pick-up. Most piezoelectric and all optical pick-ups are active and include some sort of preamp.

Review of EMG 85 and EMG 81 active pickups, by Everdying

Does the pickup affects the guitar's sustain ?

Sustain is also affected by magnetic pull exerted by the pickup magnets. There are 2 ways this happens:

1) Direct magnetic attraction causes damping of the strings.

2) The magnetic attraction causes the strings to crash into the frets, the consequent rattling or buzzing thereby robs them of energy and thus shortens sustain.

Most single coil pickups use Alnico-5 magnets that are quite strong, actually it's excessively strong. A Stratocaster, and some Telecasters, use 3 magnets under each string so are the worst affected instruments. Most Telecasters use 2 magnets under each string and are less affected. Side-by-side humbuckers exert very little magnetic damping. Magnetic pull on the strings can be allievaited by adjusting the pickups away from the strings but that reduces output and adversly affects signal/noise ratio.

Can I make my own pickup ?



What other pickup brands are available ?

The famous brands are DiMarzio, EMG and Seymour Duncan (this is based on what LYN Musicians posted). There are many other brands .... just GOOGLE LA



Credit to: Wikipedia®, Fender, Gibson, EMG and all LYN Musicians

This post has been edited by Pix: May 15 2006, 04:21 PM

You might want to change the Topic's Title to "Pickups Question" instead of "tips on how to choose the right guitar"

humbuckers are generally more powerful and well.... doesnt hum... unlike single coils
the more pickups you got the more versatile the guitar is...no doubt bout that....

i hardly use my middle and neck pu. it's bridge pu for me all the way...

for me, my ideal PU setting would be H-S-H and 3 way switch (instead of 5)....Humbucker for the fat and distortion and single coil for clean sound....that's all i need.... my current guitar is H-H and i use both of them in my playing...well neck for my solo and bridge pu to satisfy my addiction for Ping of Death ...

some of the Ibanez that i've tried with H-S-H and 5 way switch does not really separate the tone well...u can't really feel the switch (means no diferrent in tone) ...that's y i just need 3 way switch in my future guitar....

single coils give out the "twang" sound.. try and listen to hendrix's tracks and u'll c wat i mean.. or maybe even pink floyd.. coz roger walters uses a strat.
humbuckers give out fat and powerful sound, ideal for distortion and powerchords, and good for solos.

as for which pickup is better? it's all preference and ur type of music..

Mostly heavy metal music uses humbuckers......... USUALLY.
Mainly because they want the most tone they can squeeze out of their pickups.

well the 1st 3rd and 5th position of the 5 way switch is exactly the same as a 3 way...
assuming 1st pos = bridge
2nd= single
3rd = neck

so if you install a 3 way instead of a 5 on the HSH guitar u tried it'll sound exactly the same

I editied the Topic's Title so that everyone has a clear understand on what this topic is all about .... Pickups

I'm fine with the Single Coils. They sound "clear" and "clean" aslo does a pretty good job when in overdrive ... of course Humbuckers are better with Overdrive.

It's really depends on what you're playing. If u're like blacktrix who plays every songs with overdrive .... he would prefer those Humbuckers.

http://www.ibanez.co.jp/world/products/eg/...ages/01_hsh.gif

well, actually this is wat i meant....the second and forth position doesn't really do anything on the tone, from what i tried .... on an Ibanez RG ....that y i rather have a 3 way...
1 - Neck Humbucker
2 - Single Coil
3 - Bridge Humbucker

Not true for over-driven.....
Blues players also use humbuckers.....
They produce a very warm tone for those kind of music.

And contrary to popular believe, I DO play clean music......

Err... Roger Waters is the bassist lar... he plays guitar occasionally but I think you're refering to Dave Gilmour.

Different pickup positions give you a different sound. The neck pickup sounds warmer as compared to the bridge pickup and the neck pickup picks up notes played on higher frets better, hence the better pickup to use when soloing. Pickup height makes a lot of difference in tone too(I haven't experiment with those as I'm really lazy ).

Anybody know the difference of the magnets used?? Alcinos etc...???

Yeah man.. people stereotype hums too much. country musicians also use a lot of LP and archtops with hums. And a clean hum provides a good rhythm sound too.

I read somewhere that the stornger the magnet .... the longer the sustain

Yes ? no ?

No!! The weaker the magnet, the longer the sustain!

I think...

Alcino II and alcino IV is usually the popular choice for pickups. Both of them sound alike but there's a saying, "Alcino IV is poor man's Alcino II,"
Or is it the other way round???

I'ill do some research later and get back to you guys lol!

Are you sure ? My Fizik teacher (if i remember correctly) said that "Daya magnet yang kuat menghasilkan daya kekalan yang panjang" ....

BTW: I got credit for Fizik SPM .....

[Shamelessly] I got A1 [/Shamelessly]

oops sorry.. mixed up there. yeah i meant dave gilmour.

hmm intresting....i personally find humbuckers not humming hehe..i find the sound sharp...n erm...strong...so i only use them for solos...but not when strumming...as i play more rythm i normally use the middle n the bridge....not too sure about the 3 way switch...havent tried any guitar tat has 3 way switch.

i was thinkin of lookin for a cheap epi LP over at uk if im goin this sept...so still thinkin if single coils are better or 2 hums...

i remember testin out a godin at guitar store....its has 3 singles if not wrong ..n it sounds very er.. "creamy"? very diff from my cheap samick...which i asked how much would it cost to get a new set of pick ups..n the price could get me another samick...eeks

if this is going to be a who's better at physics competition, well i got a1 too and i got silver for the national level physics quiz. ok, enough being an *******. back to topic, i duno much about pickups such as types of magnets for pickups and their difference. i only know the basic like how pickups works etc.