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The most serious issue affecting scorpions is the destruction of their natural habitat. Habitat loss and habitat destruction
are extremely significant issues for scorpions as many species are habitat specific and have well defined natural ranges.
Many areas, that were once suitable for scorpions to live, have now been destroyed. The most scorpion rich environments on
the earth are the deserts and the rainforests, and both of these areas are particularly sensitive to habitat destruction.
Natural regions within these habitats are quickly destroyed due to logging, agriculture, and developmental construction.
Natural habitats of all kinds are being lost at an alarming rate. Scorpions are literally losing their homes and they are losing them
rapidly.

Remaining natural habitats are often degraded and fragmented. Fragmentation occurs when healthy areas of habitat are isolated from one another. Scorpion populations are affected since gene flow between populations is prevented. Habitat degradation occurs when the natural habitat has been altered and degraded to such a degree that it is unlikely that any remaining scorpions will be able to survive.

According to Sissom and Hendrixson (2005) scorpions are certainly not the 'warm fuzzy' animals that the average person finds so appealing, and it is doubtful that the lay community will ever be much concerned about their conservation. Despite this, some scorpion species may eventually be threatened with extinction due to habitat destruction.

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Habitats are often isolated and cut off from one another by the roads and highways that now run through them.
This is especially prevalent in desert habitats, which are rich in scorpion species. This leads to countless numbers of scorpions
being killed on roads and highways every year. In some cases, people will purposely swerve to run over scorpions.

Picture from: http://travel.webshots.com/photo/1509898945081695802ckVGhN

Once the scorpions' natural habitat has been lost through construction for human developments and settlement,
the scorpions are forced into urban environments like people's houses and garages. Here the scorpions are deemed as
pests and destroyed. Scorpions may also be directly persecuted by individuals who are fearful of them.

Picture from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/seb_shanna/2934346866/

The trade in live animals and animal products is also detrimental to scorpion populations. Scorpions are harvested from the wild
at a staggering rate. They are collected for the pet trade, food markets or to be used in traditional medicines. Well over 100,000
Emperor Scorpions (Pandinus imperator) are moved annually from Africa to other parts of the world to supply demands for the
pet trade. This represents only one species from one continent. Dozens of other species are highly sought after and these too are
harvested in significant numbers from areas in North America, Africa, and Asia.

Scorpions are also captured from the wild and then killed so that they can be made into various trinkets and souvenirs to supply
tourist markets. The extensive exploitation of scorpions is a tremendous problem that is certainly causing a huge stress on
natural populations.

Picture from: http://www.movieposter.com/poster/MPW-7561...e_Scorpion.html

Currently, there are no laws in the United States that protect invertebrates from cruelty, abuse, or death. This means scorpions are extremely vulnerable to human exploitation. According to author Manny Rubio's book 'Scorpions' (2008 Barron's Educational Series), humans kill millions of scorpions annually.

Scorpions are often used as 'props' in movies and shows. Here they may be subjected to any form of misuse and cruelty. A prime example is the 1996 film The Great White Hype, which contains a scene of two scorpions being run over and killed.

Vodka, containing dead scorpions, is a popular drink throughout the world and this market represents another sector in which scorpions are killed and exploitated for monetary value.

Scorpions on a stick are a popular food item for sale in many Asian markets. The most disturbing aspect of this is that the scorpions are left alive after they have been staked.

Scorpions are also used in various contests in which participants see how many live scorpions can be consumed in the shortest amount of time. Videos of these 'contests' have surfaced on many popular video-sharing websites. This has resulted in many copy-cat videos of people killing scorpions for shock value.

These videos are harmful for various reasons. Not only do they show people killing scorpions for 'entertainment', but it also promotes to viewers that the killing of animals for attention is entertaining and justifiable.

These contests and videos are just another prime example of the cruelty and exploitation that scorpions face from humans who generally view them as 'bugs' that do not deserve protection from such abuse.

A massive number of scorpions are being lost each year through the combination of the many threats mentioned above.
According to Polis & Farley (1979) and Polis (1990), scorpions have small litter sizes, long generation times and low survivorship
among sexually immature females. This contributes to a low rate of population increase for most species. This makes it
especially hard for populations to rebound from unnatural declines, which makes scorpions particularly sensitive to the threat
of extirpation and extinction

For Rainforest and Bark scorpion, Coco fiber would be the best substrate as it can hold moisture very well compare to other substrate. Coco fiber can be purchased from local florist shop as well as Jusco/Carrefour with around RM2.90 per pack.

For desert sp, they can be house in exo terra sand which cost around RM20+ per pack. Some people use natural sand from their garden and let it dry under the sun few days before using to eliminates unwanted organism.

Of the ~1500 scorpion species, the vast majority are only capable of producing a local reaction similar in scope and effect to a bee sting. Only around 50 species are known to produce venom that causes serious systemic effects in humans. Of these 50 species, only a few (mostly in the family Buthidae) produce enough venom to pose a lethal risk to humans.

Still, severe reactions and death from stings are very common, accounting for thousands of deaths a year worldwide, 10 times as many as snake bites.[11] Most of the deaths attributed to scorpion stings occur in children, the elderly and the infirm in rural, agricultural areas of Africa, South America and Mexico, where the most venomous species are ubiquitous.

Scorpions rarely aggressively attack humans, but will often reflexively strike when they are handled, stepped on in bare feet, or accidentally crushed in clothing. Their ubiquity in certain rural areas and nocturnal, cold-blooded physiology often result in scorpions making their day burrows in human objects or dwellings. Footwear or clothing left outside overnight, thatched roofs, cracks in plaster or concrete, and wood and brush piles are all common shelter sites for scorpions.

Among the most dangerous are the deathstalker (L. quinquestriatus) and the yellow fat-tailed scorpion (A. australis), bearing the most potent venom and the highest human death toll in the Scorpion order (respectively). Both are native to the deserts and grasslands of North Africa and the Middle East, and account for nearly 75% of the worldwide deaths attributed to scorpion stings every year. Human deaths normally occur in the young, elderly, or sick; all but a few species are generally incapable of delivering enough venom to kill a human, although envenomations from one of the 50 most potent species generally causes unpleasant and temporarily debilitating systemic effects such as vomiting, cramps, blurred and wobbly vision, sensitivity to light, hypersalivation, difficulty swallowing, and agitation. Anaphylactic shock has also been caused by allergic reactions to several species of scorpion venom.

This is how they looks like before they molt

And this is them after molt


Notice the different of the body shape and color, also there are alot of dried skin on the mom's back